高一英语语法23动词的时态之一般将来时过去将来时和将来完成时.docx

1、高一英语语法23动词的时态之一般将来时过去将来时和将来完成时高一英语语法（2-3）：动词的时态之一般将来时、过去将来时、将来完成时一、 一般将来时（will work）：一般将来时的5种表达方式。1. “shall / will + V原”是将来时的最普通的表达方式，表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。如：We _ (go) to ask Miss Chen for help. （shall和will表达一般将来时有何区别？）2. “am / is / are going to + V原”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外，还可以表示说话人根据已

2、有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。如：They _ (meet) outside the school gate.（打算或计划要做某事）Look at the cloud. It _(rain).（根据已有的迹象，对未来进行推断）3. “am / is / are about to + V原”表示“即将”，它不与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。如：The English evening _ (start).4. “am / is / are to + V原”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”，还可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止”等，与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。如：There _ (is to be,

3、 is about to be) a slide show this afternoon.You _ (hand) your papers by 10 oclock. 到10点你得交上试卷。（命令）5. “am / is / are due to +V原”表示“按计划或时间表将要发生某事”。如：The talk _ (last) for five days. 会谈（按计划）将持续5天。The race _ (start) in ten minutes. （按时间表）还有10分钟比赛就该开始了。6. 现在进行时有时与某些表示瞬间动作的动词连用，可表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。常见动词有go,

4、come, start, leave, stay, return, arrive, begin, take, meet等。如：She _ (leave) early tomorrow morning.7. 既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表的，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。常见动词有be, begin, come, go, leave, stop, end, arrive, open, stay, return等。如：The train _ (leave) at eight tomorrow from this station.8. 在时间或条件状语从句及even if, in ca

5、se等引导的状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。“主将从现”如：He _ (call) me as soon as he _ (arrive) here.二、 过去将来时（would work）1. 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语。如：He said that he _ (wait) for me at the gate. 他说他将在大门口等我。2. 过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过去式，即was / were going to + V原, was / were about to + V原, was / were to

6、+ V原, was / were due to +V原。如：You _ going to give me your address but you didnt.三、 将来完成时（will have worked）1. 将来完成时是由“will / shall + have + done”构成，表示到将来某个时候为止，某件事已经完成了，常与by, before构成的短语或引导的状语从句连用。如： The snow _ (disappear) before the end of March.2. 表示到将来某一时刻持续多久的动作或状态，常与for引导的时间状语连用。如：I _ (be) here

7、for seven years by next February.四、 be going to与will / shall的用法比较1. be going to 指当前已计划过或思考过的意图和打算，will / shall表示事先未思考或计划过的意图。如：I _ (see) him. 我打算明天去看他。（计划过的打算）I _ (anwer) the door. 我去开门。（未计划过的意图）2. be going to可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而will则表明说话者的观点、主观意识。如：Look at the clouds. There _ (be) a storm. （客观迹象表明）I

8、hope it _ (be) warm tomorrow. （主观意识）3. will / shall还可作情态动词，表示感情色彩。（详见情态动词）如：_ you _ (come) this way, please? 请你走这边好吗？ 五、 表示过去将来时的其他情况1. was / were going to do可表示过去的打算，也可表示没有实现的动作。如：We _ (have) a sports meeting last week, but it rained. （“举行运动会”是未曾实现的过去的计划。）2. was / were to do既可指过去的计划，也可表示“后来的结果，注定”的

9、含义。 如：The conference on SARS _ (be, hold) the next week. 3. was / were about to do表示过去某时看来即将要发生的事。如：I _ (turn) on the power of the computer when the electricity was cut off. 我正要打开电脑电源，这时停电了。* when的搭配am / is / are about to do sth. when正要，这时（突然）was / were about to do sth. when sb. + didam / is / are d

10、oing sth. when sb. + do / does正在，这时（突然）was / were doing sth. when sb. + didhad done sth. when sb. + did刚做完，这时（突然）4. was / were doing表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动作。如：Mr. Green _ (leave) for Hawaii a few hours later.六、 将来完成时的特殊情况1. 在时间或条件状语从句中，可以用现在完成时来表示将来完成的意义，也就是用现在完成时代替将来完成时。如：Dont get off until the bus _ (stop

11、). 车位停稳，请勿下车。（两种填法，注意两种填法的区别）If she _ (not, go) to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring. 如果你见到她时她还没有睡觉的话，让她给我打个电话。（两种填法，注意两种填法的区别）两者有何区别呢？主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现；主将从现完、主祈从现完、主情从现完；2. will have done还可表示说话人对某一将完成的动作或事态的推测或揣想，主语主要用第二、三人称，带有明显的情态意义（详见情态动词）。“大概会了”。如：The rain _ (keep) you indoors today

12、. 雨大概会让你今天留在室内了。（表示对未来的推测）七、 时态的呼应1. “时态的呼应”指在从句中，谓语动词的时态要受主句谓语动词的时态的制约，常见于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中。1） 若主句的谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态，从句的谓语动词可以根据句意而选用任何时态。如：I dont know you _ (be) in Changsha for two years.2） 若主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句要用表示过去的某个时态与之呼应。也就是说，若从句动作和主句动作同时发生，从句的动作用_或_；如果从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用_；如果从句动作后于主句动作发生，从句则要用_。如：H

13、e told me that he _ (visit) America before.2. 时态的呼应并不发生在所有从句中，在状语从句和定语从句中可根据意义的需要来选用任何时态；当从句表示客观真理时，时态不受主句谓语动词时态的影响，而用一般现在时。如：When I _ (be) a primary school pupil, my teacher _ (tell) me that the earth _ (move) around the sun. 宾语从句（间接引语是宾语从句中的一种）that, whether / (if), wh-, how, wh-+ever引导 主语从句 名词性从句

14、表语从句 同位语从句注：复合句 定语从句（关系代词、关系副词引导） 状语从句（连词引导）EX. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I dont know when Tom _ tomorrow. (arrive)2. He said that he _ the work very soon. (finish)3. Mr. Chen has saved some money. He _ a TV set. (buy)4. It is said that it _ good weather tomorrow. (be)5. Dont worry. I _ a close examination of

15、 you. (make)6. Before long, he _ all about the matter. (forget)7. When Bill _, ask him to wait for me. (come)8. He was sixteen. In two years he _ eighteen. (be)9. Make sure that the windows are closed before you _ the room. (leave)10. The time was not far off when he _ this decision. (regret). 单项选择。

16、1. By the time he returns, the project probably _ ahead of time. A. will be finishedB. are finishingC. have finishedD. will have been finished2. I dont know if my brother _ tonight.A. will returnB. is returningC. has returnedD. returns3. -Tomorrow _ my birthday. Id like you and Jane to come.-Im not

17、sure if she _ free.A. will be; isB. is going to; isC. is; isD. is; will be4. -Uncle Wang is going to take a trip to America alone. -But he _ he _ take me along.A. promises; willB. has promised; willC. promised; wouldD. had promised; would5. -Im sorry, but smoking is forbidden here.-Sorry, I _ again.

18、A. didntB. dont C. wontD. havent6. Dont tell him about his mothers illness until the examination _.A. has finishedB. will be finishedC. was finishedD. finished7. The 1318-kilometer advanced high speed railway _ by 2012.A. will completeB. is completedC. has been completedD. will have been completed8.

19、 -Did you tell mother you had passed the exam?-Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be callingB. will callC. am callingD. am to call9. The tourist asked the guide what he _ visit the next day.A. was going toB. went toC. is going toD. goes to10. Population experts predict that most people _ in citie

20、s in the near future.A. liveB. would liveC. will liveD. have lived11. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. is; knowB. is; will knowC. will not be; knowD. will not be; will know12. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.A. is to beB.

21、 can beC. has beenD. will be13. -Joan was badly injured in the accident yeasterday and she was sent to hospital.-Oh, really? I _. I _ visit her.A. didnt know; will go toB. dont know; will go toC. didnt know; am going toD. havent known; am going to14. -Im sorry, but the boss isnt here yet. Shall I ha

22、ve her call you when she comes back?-No, Ill call her back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she _?A. arriveB. has arrivedC. will arriveD. will have arrived15. I _ my son _ doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science.A. hoped; becameB. hoped; could becomeC. had hoped; would turnD. had h

23、oped; would have become16. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li _ for Beijing to join the fight against SARS, so we only had time for a few words.A. just leftB. has just leftC. is just leavingD. was just leaving17. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Chr

24、istmas party, but we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have metB. have been; have metC. had been; had metD. have been; had met18. -Could you take a message for Mr Green?-Certainly. I _ him about something else in any case, so it _ any bother.A. may see; isntB. see; wont beC. wi

25、ll see; isD. will be seeing; wont be19. -Are you going to the movies tonight?-Yes. By then I _ my work.A. finishB. will be finishingC. finishedD. will have finished20. Look! Its cloudy now, and Im sure _.A. it will rainB. it is going to rainC. it is to rainD. it is will be raining. 单项选择。1. -_ leave

26、at the end of this month.-I dont think you should do that until _ another job.A. Im going to; youd foundB. Im going to; youve foundC. Ill; youll findD. Ill; youd find2. -Come on, Peter. I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are goingB. never

27、thought; were goingC. didnt think; were goingD. hadnt thought; were going3. The conference_ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lasted4. It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%.A. will have

28、risenB. would riseC. will be risingD. has been rising5. I decided go to the library as soon as I _. A. finish what I didB. finished what I didC. would finish what I was doingD. finished what I was doing6. -May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight?-Im sorry. Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then.A. has goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. will have gone7. By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stayB. h