中考初中英语介词专题讲解.docx

1、中考初中英语介词专题讲解中考初中英语-介词专题讲解一概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分, 介词短语 = 介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, 表时间的介词by, in, on ,over, with其他介词like, with

2、, without, from, next, to二、常用1、in 在.之内1) 表示地点，表示大地点。 Shes in China with her mom and dad. 2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内The weather is cold in winter. 3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。Do you know the girl in red? I can write this article in English. 2、from 从.中来1) come from I come from China and Im Chinese. 2) download from I dow

3、nload music from the Internet. 3) be different from Lilys habits are different from Lindas. 3. with 和，用，与1) with sb 和.人在一起 Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling. 2）with sth. 表示用某种工具 I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes. 4. at 在. 1) 表地点，主小地点。 My father is a teacher at Beijing International

4、School.2) 表时间，主指时间的一个点。 I get up at half past seven in the morning. 3) be good at 擅长于. Iam good at reading and writing.5. behind 在.后面 The classrooms are behind the offices.6. next to 紧挨着 The library is next to the classrooms.7. in front of 在.前面 They are in front of Tony and Daming. 8. for 为了.，因为。 Th

5、ank you for your email.9. on 在.上，在.时1） 表示时间，表示具体的一天。 Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?2） 表示地点 on the farm on the playground 10. to 自，向1）talk to 与.谈论 We have a break and I talk to my friends. 2) go to 去 He likes films and he often goes to the cinema. 3）welcome to 欢迎到. Welcome to Bei

6、jing Zoo. 4）listen to 听 They always listen to music.5）connect.to .和.连接一起 Please connect the monitor to the computer first. 三、常用的介词的区别： in, to, on在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内， 如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外（有距离），如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻， 如： North Kor

7、ea is on the east of China. . at, in, on, by在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示： （1）时间的点、时刻等。They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak）. （2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。 He went home at New Year （at Christmas, at the Spring Festival）. 2. in指时间表示： （1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午

8、或傍晚等）内。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening （2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在以后”。 He will arrive in two hours. （3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在以内”。These products will be made in a month. 3. on指时间表示： （1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,On Christmas Day there will be a party. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上

9、。He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday. （3）准时，按时。If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by指时间表示： （1）不迟于，在（某时）前。 如： He will come by six oclock. （2）在间，在的时候。 如： He worked by day and studied by night. . near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”时的区别 1. near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。 Suzhou is nea

10、r Shanghai. 2. by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在旁边”的意思。 He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river.3. at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。 如： The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about

11、 a music. . at, in和on表示地点时的区别 1. at表示地点： （1）用于指较小的地方。 arrive at，接小地方 I will wait for you at the station.（2）用于门牌号码前。 He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地点：arrive in 接较大地方 He lives in Shanghai. 3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。 The picture was hanging on the wall. . besides, except, but表示“除外”之间的区别 1.

12、besides表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质。如： Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film. 注意：besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。如： We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如： We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生没去） 3. but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义

13、的代词。Nobody knew it but me. above, over, on, up表示“在上”之间的区别 1. above指“上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。 Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。 The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。 There is a map on the wall. 4. up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如： Please stand up wit

14、h, from, for, at表示原因的区别 1. with表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。 The little girl was shivering with cold. 2. from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。 She did it from a sense of duty. 3. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。 I do apologize for keeping you waiting. 4. at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。 At the news they felt very glad. for和of的用法区别试比较：Its imposs

15、ible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me. 两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。 by，with，in的用法区别by表示以.的方式，方法，手段 和 乘某种交通工具；with指借助于具体的手段或工具；in 表示以.方式，用语言，文字等媒介。I solved the problem by this way. I cut the appl

16、e with a knife. He speaks with us in English. after和 in 的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间在以后的意思。其区别是：after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。I went home after 10 oclock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解 As a kid， I read a story of a bird. It described a m

17、ale bird which takes a lot of pain to build a house and the female bird takes care of the baby in it. When the baby bird learns to fly， the whole family flies off to a different place leaving behind the beautiful nest for other birds to grow their family in it. It made me confused(困惑的)： How could th

18、ey so easily give up their house built with so much effort? One night， I got this dream. I was walking on the endless road with beautiful trees on the either side. Attracted by the greenery， I went on， then I saw a wonderful house. I explored the house. There was a sloping(斜的) roof which matched wit

19、h the greenery around； the large central open yard reminded me of the activities that might have taken place there which felt lively even now. The small water body that kept the house cool added to the beauty of the house of course， it was all dried up now. Such liveliness turns the house into a hom

20、e. People say “THE HOME IS WHERE THE HEART IS”， and now I felt it and was attracted deeply. When I woke up from the dream， I was clear about everything. I realized what message my dream wanted to convey(传递) me. And years later， when I chose my career， I thought of the story of the bird and my dream，

21、 then I was sure what to do. I decided to choose architecture as my career. I wanted to do the same thing that the male bird in the story did， to take pain in building a beautiful house and let others stay in it. My dream comes true and the happiness that I gain now from this career is great.（1）When

22、 the writer read the story of the bird，he felt _.A.boredB.confusedC.amazedD.worried（2）In the writers dream， what part of the house attracted him most?A.The sloping roof of the house.B.The body of water that keeps the house cool.C.The large central open yard.D.The liveliness that he felt around the h

23、ouse.（3）The underlined word “architecture” in Paragraph 3 means _ in Chinese.A.考古B.天文C.建筑D.艺术（4）The passage is mainly about _.A.how the bird could give up their house easilyB.how the writer finally becomes an honest citizenC.what we need to do when we choose our careerD.why the writer chooses archit

24、ecture as his career【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文主要内容是作者小时候听到一个关于一种小鸟的故事，这种鸟的公鸟负责搭窝，母鸟负责抚养后代，小鸟长大后，他们飞走了，把鸟窝留给其他鸟。作者做了一个关于房子的梦，他决定长大后做一名建筑师，像那只公鸟一样。最后作者成功了，也收到了很多快乐。（1）B考查细节理解题。【问题】当作者阅读鸟的故事，他的感到_。A. bored无聊的；无趣的；烦人的；B. confused困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的；C. amazed惊奇的，吃惊的；D. worried担心的。根据第一段最后一二句It made me confu

25、sed(困惑的)： How could they so easily give up their house built with so much effort?可知作者阅读鸟的故事，他的感到困惑。故选B。（2）D考查细节理解题。【问题】在作者的梦中，房子的哪一部分最吸引他? A. The sloping roof of the house. 房子的斜面屋顶；B. The body of water that keeps the house cool.保持房子凉爽的水体。C. The large central open yard. 大型中央天井；D. The liveliness that

26、he felt around the house.房子的周围他感到的活力。根据第二段最后一二句Such liveliness turns the house into a home. People say “THE HOME IS WHERE THE HEART IS”， and now I felt it and was attracted deeply.根据句意和语境可知选D。（3）C考查细节理解题。【问题】在第三段中划线单词“architecture”的中文意思是_。根据下文I wanted to do the same thing that the male bird in the s

27、tory did， to take pain in building a beautiful house and let others stay in it.（我想做故事里的公鸟同样的事情，艰辛地去建立一个美丽的房子，并让其他人住在里面。）结合句意和语境可知architecture是建筑的意思。故选C。（4）D考查主旨理解题。【问题】这篇文章主要关于_。A. how the bird could give up their house easily这只鸟怎么能轻易地放弃他们的房子；B. how the writer finally becomes an honest citizen作者如何最终

28、成为一个诚实的公民；C. what we need to do when we choose our career当我们选择我们的职业时，我们需要做什么；D. why the writer chooses architecture as his career作者为什么选择建筑作为自己的事业。本文主要内容是作者小时候听到一个关于一种小鸟的故事，这种鸟的公鸟负责搭窝，母鸟负责抚养后代，小鸟长大后，他们飞走了，把鸟窝留给其他鸟。作者做了一个关于房子的梦，他决定长大后做一名建筑师，像那只公鸟一样。最后作者成功了，也收到了很多快乐。根据本文主要内容可知选D。2阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子正误。 D

29、ear Dr. Green, My relationship with my mother is worse and worse now. It seems shes never tired of talking. She talks here and there, day and night. More seriously, I feel like we dont have much in common. She doesnt always understand what Im trying to say. What should I do?Yours,Jim Dear Jim, I kno

30、w how you feel. Its not easy being your age. And its not easy being a mother, either. Its common for kids to have trouble talking with parents, and talkative mothers are not new to teenagers. But remember, shes nagging (唠叨) you because she just wants whats best for you. Talking is her way to show love and care. And she also wants to know more about you. After a days work, shes tired, too. But she will never be tired of caring about you. Kids should learn to