高中英语定语从句知识点及练习.docx

1、高中英语定语从句知识点及练习高中英语-定语从句一定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。The man who is shaking hands

2、 with my father is a policeman.二关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2. whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,可省略,在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。Li Ming is just the boy (whom I want to see.3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时

3、常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.4. that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。He is the man that/who lives next door.Where is the man (that/whom I saw this morning? 、The season that/which comes after spring is summer.The dress (that/which Ann bought doesnt fit her

4、very well.5. whose 指人、物皆可,与后面的名词有所属关系,在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.注意:指物时,常用以下结构来代替:The house whose windows are broken is empty.=The house the windows of which are broken is empty.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the cover o

5、f which is yellow?三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。The school (which/that he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the boy (whom/who/that I played tennis with yesterday.=This is the b

6、oy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如: look for, look after, take care of 等。2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who,若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which;关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither,

7、 many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如:He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.四关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why等。when, where, why都在定语从句中作状语,在意义上相当于介词+which结构,分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。1. when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以

8、用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如: Ill never forget the day when/on which I first met you.Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上:不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上:译成先行词的定语:“.的”关系词的使用上:A作宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who 代替whomThe teacher told me

9、that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句形式上:用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如果去掉,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上:A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whomHis mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.I have been to Hangzhou, which is a v

10、ery beautiful city.(一限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况1.先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等时。Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。2.当先行词被the very(恰恰,正好, the only,any,few,little,no,all修饰时。This is the very grammar book (that I want to buy.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或

11、被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best that has been used against pollution.4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?7.

12、先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。She is no longer the sweet girl (that she used to be.He is not the man (that he seems. 人不可貌相。(二关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。如:He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see.2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。

13、which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外,as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。As is known to all, China is a developing country.John, as you know, is a famous writer.Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用which。如:Tom was late for school again and again, which made his t

14、eacher very angry.1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时,关系词常用as。如:Ive never heard such stories as he tells.(三以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。The way (that/in which he answered the questions was surprising.(四关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(所担当的成分。A. I know a place where we can have a

15、picnic.I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that/which he explained to me for h

16、is not attending the meeting.基础练习(1 This is the hotel_ we will stay at. which/that/(2 This is the hotel_ we will stay. where(3 This is the hotel_ we will stay. at which(4 This is the hotel _we will visit. that/which/(5 This hotel is the one _ we will stay at. that(6 This hotel is the one _ we will s

17、tay. where(7 This hotel is the one _ we will visit. That定语从句专项练习一、选择题1. (09全国II My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it2. (09安徽卷Many children_ parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A.theirB.whoseC.of themD.with wh

18、om3. (09北京卷What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. whereB. WhichC. WhenD. that4. (09福建卷Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where5. (09湖南卷I

19、was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a pictureof beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose6. (09江苏卷Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. whenC. whichD. since7. (09辽宁卷

20、Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which8. (09全国IShe brought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these9. (09全国II My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD.

21、 it10. (09山东卷Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. that11. (09陕西卷Gun control is a subject_Americans have argued for a long time .A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which12. (09上海卷Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “Th

22、e Magic Flute” areboth museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 13. (09 四川卷Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 14. (09 天津卷A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A

23、. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 15. (09 天津卷I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D. though 16. (09 浙江卷I have reached a point in my life _I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A which B where C how

24、 D why 17. (09 重庆卷Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 18. (04 全国卷 The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 19. (03 北京 York, _ last year, is a

25、nice old city. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 20. (02 北京We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what 二、翻译训练： 1.我们在医院一直照顾 take care of 的老太太死了. _ 2.你想娶 marry 的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。 _ 3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书

26、。 _ 4.你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。 6 Practice makes perfect! B. which C. where D. when _ 5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人 bite 今天又被你家狗咬了。 _ 6.你知道他打算娶 reason 你的原因吗？ _ 7. 我 讨 厌 hate 我 住 过 的 那 个 旅 馆 hotel 。 _ 8. 我 永 远 也 忘 不 了 我 们 共 同 生 活 和 学 习 的 那 个 秋 天 _ 9.他爱了 20 年的那个女孩昨天嫁 marry 人了。 _ 10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。 _ 11.The old lady who died yester

27、day left one million. _ 13.The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothing that he could do for my father. _ 14. This is the page ,where you can find the answer. This is the page ,which you can find the answer on. _ 15.As the teacher told me yesterday, he didnt pass the exam. _ 16.As we was discussing just now, its easy for us to study English. _ 17. As my mother told me yesterday , my girlfriend didnt love me at all. _ 18. As you know, the money is very important