动词时态和语态的易错易混点提炼.docx

1、动词时态和语态的易错易混点提炼第十讲：动词时态和语态的易错易混点提炼教学重点：分析动词时态与语态的易错易混点的体现，帮助学生辨别易错易混之外，并对这些知识点在高考中的应用加以总结。教学内容：（一）时态使用中值得注意的几个问题：1.一般将来时的几种表达形式：（1）will do 强调意志、决心。如：LiDong will give a talk with you.（2）be going to do. 将来的打算，或可能发生的事。如：We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese History.It is going to rain.（3）趋向动词go,

2、come, leave, arrive, start, stay等可用现在进行时表示即刻的将来。如：They are leaving for Tibet. 他们要去西藏。（4）be to do表示计划的将来。如：He and I are to meet at the station.另be to do 也表示命令或问对方意愿。如：You are to report for duty at the headquarters.可能与can, may相仿。如：My key is nowhere to be found.（5）be about to do 也表示即刻的将来。如：I was about

3、to leave when the telephone rang.我正要出门，这时电话铃响了。（6）“be + to do”表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。如：All the questions are to be answered at once.No one is to leave the room without permission.They are about to leave this afternoon.（误）They are about to leave. （正）2.现在完成时在三

4、种情况下容易出错：（1）句中有过去时间，不能用现在完成时。如：More than a dozen students in that school _abroad to study medicine last year.A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent答案：B。（2）句中有延续性时间，不能用非延续性动词，即：现在（过去）完成时不能与表示过去特定时间的状语连用；瞬间动词的现在（过去）完成时不能与段时间状语连用。如：I have come here for three days.应改为：Ive been here for three days

5、. 或者：I came here three days ago.He has come to Beijing since last year.(错)He has lived in Beijing since last year.(对)He has joined the army for three years.(错)He has served in the army for three years.(对)He joined the army three years ago.(对)He has been a soldier for three years.(对)It is three years

6、 since he joined the army.(对)He has joined the army.他已经参军了。（对）常见的瞬间动词有：marry, close, die, arrive, fall, leave, go, break, lose, give, join, jump, receive, buy, borrow, start, begin, graduate等。（3）在when, what time问句中，不能用现在完成时。如：When have you finished your work?应改为：When did you finish your work?3.注意如下三

7、种情况：（1）have been to 为“到去过” have gone to 为“到去了”如：He has been to England.（主语“He”曾经到过England，现在不在那了。）He has gone to school.（主语“He”到school去了，现在没回来。）（2）非延续性动词的否定式可用延续时间。（其实没有动作，只有状态）如：They havent come to work for weeks.（3）一般说来，since 从句用过去时，主句用现在完成时（be常用一般现在时）。sinceago，since + 过去时间点（如since 1978）用现在完成时。如：I

8、 have lived here since three years ago.高考实例：The country life he was used to _greatly since 1992.A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have changed解析：本题从since 1992所给的时间信息，可以判定用完成时，再根据the country life意义上为单数，所以B正确。干扰项A，认为to后加动词原形。干扰项C，认为was used to后跟doing。4.过去完成时应用中所注意的情况：（1）过去完成时一般描述为“过去的过去时”，也就是说它有个过去时

9、间作为参照。常见与by, before, for, since等连用，不宜滥用。如：By the end fo last term, I had learned five English songs.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.高考实例：Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him.A.has left B.left C.was leaving D.had left解析：本题中给了两个潜在的时间信息点：upon，表示“接近

10、”的意思，所以upon my arrival可以理解成“我到以前”；关键的信息点，so I didnt see him，表明没见到他是过去的事，所以综合这两个因素，就形成了“过去的过去时”，所以D 正确。（2005广东卷）The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_placed under the Ministers car.A.has been B.was being C.had been D.would be解析：本题中给出的时间信息点为：警察注意到小箱子，was suddenly caught by

11、a small box.为过去时，所以说明箱子是在这之前放到the Ministers car下面的，这就形成了“过去的过去时”，所以C正确。（2）许多时候，过去一般时可以代替过去完成时。如：We (had) finished the job before Clever arrived.5.现在进行时使用过程中应注意的问题：（1）现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be + 现在分词”构成。另外，“系动词 + 介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义。如：The bridge is under construction.The radio is under repair.（2）并不是所有动词都有

12、进行时，如状态、感情、感觉动词know, have（有），love, hate, want, like, think（认为），believe, see, hear等就是如此，既没有进行时。6.如果主句是过去时，宾语从句一般要用过去时，真理等则仍用现在时。如：She told me that she would give me a book as a present.She told me that the earth moves around the sun.7.某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。（1）This / It is the first / second time + t

13、hat 从句。that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I have come here.It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.（2）It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句。since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is改为was, 则since 从句中用过去完成时。如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.（3）be a

14、bout to do when意为“即将（这时）突然”如：I was about to go out when the telephone rang.（4）be (was / were) + doing when意为“正在干 （这时）突然”They were readng when Tom shouted in pain.（5）Hardly had done when； No sooner had done than when 和than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚 就 ”Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain pour

15、ed down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。（6）It + be + 一段时间 + before从句这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。It wont be long before he succeeds.（= He will succeed soon.）It was ten years before they met again.（= They met again ten years later.）（二）语态使用中值得注意的几个问题1.基本概念的再理解：当句子的主语是动作的执行

16、者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。例如：（1）一般现在时：You are required to do this.（2）一般过去时：The story was told by her.（3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.（4）现在进行时：The road is being widened.（5）过去进行时：The new tool was being made.（6）现在完成时：The novel has been read.（

17、7）过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished.（8）过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2.一些特殊的被动结构（1）带情态动词的被动结构The problem must be solved soon.（2）带不定式的被动结构The homework needs to be done with care.The room is going to be painted.（3）短语动词的被动结构短语动词的被动结构有以下几种：（不及物）动词 + 介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被

18、动语态，如laugh at, look after, talk about, think of等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的，则不可用于被动语态，如look up, look down等。（及物）动词 + 副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等高考实例：With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A.is washin

19、g away B.is being washed away C.are washing away D.are being washed awaw解析：本题有两个考点：一，根据题意土壤被冲走，用被动语态，所以B和D项有可选性；二，quantities是quantity的复数形式，也就是说，表示大量的数量时，quantity可数，因为它是quantities of good earth的中心词，所以谓语动词用复数。故D正确。动词 + 副词 + 介词：do away with, face up to, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up w

20、ith等。动词 + 名词 + 介词：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make a fool of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire / light to, take notice of 等。注意：短语动词的被动式不能拆开或漏掉介词或副词。如：The doctor has been sent for. 已有人去接医生了。（4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.（比较：The classr

21、oom is always kept clean.）（5）主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：动词want, need, require, deserve后用动名词的主动形式，这时，动名词同句中主语有动宾关系。This point deserves mentioning.The window want / requires repairing.The children need looking after.有些及物动词后须加副词（如well, easily等），形成不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。（有些可不加）如：act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, read,

22、strike, write, break, build, burn, drive, eat, play, prove, sell, shut, wash, write等动词。如：This knife cuts well.这把刀很好用。This book sells well.这书卖得很好。The play wont act.这戏不宜上演。The door wont shut.这门关不上。The cloth washes/sells well.这布很经洗（畅销）。形容词worth后直接加动名词时。The book is worth reading twice.某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形

23、式表示被动意义。The fish is not fit to eat.某些感官动词和系动词（如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste, wear等）与形容词连用时。The dish tastes delicious.The water feels very cold.（6）以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：动词leave, enter, reach等的宾语是表示处所、地点（国家、团体、组织、军队）等。表示状态的动词，如become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, me

24、an, look like等下列不及物动词及短语动词：appear, belong to, break out, die, happen, lie, occurs, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of, have on, keep up with及一些固定词组，如keep words, lose hearts, make a face等。宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词。（7）Let 开头的祈使句的被动式为：Let + 宾语 + be done。Dont let your duties be forgotte

25、n.（8）“据报道”句型It was reported that 中的report可用believe, consider, declare, except, feel, know, say, see, suppose, think, understand等词替换。It is expected that hell come tomorrow. = He is expected to come tomorrow.It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well k

26、nown that众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that被视为当然It has been decided that大家决定It must be remembered that务必记住的是（三）必须牢记的固定句式里面的时态要求：1.This is the first time I have done sth.2.It has been two years since he went aboard.3.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4.Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.5.No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.6.It wont be long before he comes back.7.I didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again.THANKS !致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考