小学英语语法.docx

1、小学英语语法Be动词与人称代词的搭配1、be动词包括：am、is、are(1)am 用于第一人称I的后面I am (注意：“I”无论何时都要大写，不管在句首还是句子中)例：I am Sam. I am a boy. I am ten. Im in Class 1.(2) is 用于第三人称he(他) ; she(她); it(它)及其他单数名词的后面例：He is a good student. She is my teacher. It is a black cat. A book is on the desk.(3) are用于第二人称you; 第一人称复数we； 第三人称复数they 及

2、其他复数名词的后面。 例：You are my good friend. 你是我的好朋友。 We are friends.我们是朋友 You are my good friends.你们是我的好朋友。 They are tall.他们很高2Be动词的用法口诀 我（I）用am，你（you）用are,Is用于他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数is，复数are,希望大家都记下。 有be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句否定句be动词后加not一般疑问句be动词移到主语前肯定和否定回答I am=Im .I am not=Im not .Are you?Yes, I am.No,Im n

3、ot.You are= youreYou are not =You arentAre you?Yes, I am.No,Im not.SheHeIt is =ShesHes ItsSheHeIt is not =SheHeIt isntIs sheheit?Yes,sheheIt is.No,sheheIt isnt.We are= WereWe are not=We arentAre we?Yes,you are.No,you arent.They are =TheyreThey are not=They arentAre they?Yes,they are.No,they arent.注意

4、：上表中划线句子不能缩写，（am 和not 也不能缩写）。无be动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句否定句一般疑问句肯定和否定回答I likeI dont likeDo you like?Yes, I do.No, I dont.You likeYou dont likeDo you like?Yes, I do.No, I dont.HeSheIt likesHeSheIt doesnt likeDoes hesheit likeYes, hesheit does. No,heshe it doesnt. We likeWe dont likeDo we likeYes, you

5、do.No, you dont.They likeThey dont likeDo they likeYes, they do.No, they dont.注意：上表中的like可以用其他的动词来替换，比如play,sing,run,sweep人称代词和物主代词.把下面的句子变一般疑问句并写出肯定与否定回答。He is like his mom.他长的像他的妈妈。Is he like his mom? Yes,he is.No, he isnt.He likes his mom.他喜欢他的妈妈。Does he like his mom?Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.I am

6、 a student.Are you a student? Yes, I am.No,I am not.I love my teacher.Do you love your teacher? Yes,I do.No,I dont.They are my friends.Are they your friends?Yes,they are.No,they arent.You are my teacher.-Are you my teacher? Yes, I am. No, Im not.名词变复数及其发音规则 构成方法 读音 例词在词尾加-s1.在清辅音后读作 s 2. 在浊辅音后读作 z 3

7、在元音后读【Z】1. deskdesks s mapmaps s 3. field filelds dz dogdogs z seaseas z 1. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es2. 如词尾是e,只加-s-（e）s读作 iz 1. class-classes iz box boxes iz dishdishes iz watchwatches iz 2. horsehorses iz 如词尾为 f或 fe ,则一般变为 ves-ves 读作 vz 1. leafleaves vz 2. knifeknives vz 以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为 i再加-es-ies读作 iz f

8、amilyfamilies iz 以元音+y结尾的名词，加-s-s读作 z boyboys z guy- guys z以辅音+o结尾的名词，加-es 有生命-es读作 z heroheroes z potatopotatoes z tomatotomatoes z 以元音+o结尾的名词，加-s【没生命】-s读作 z radioradios z zoozoos z photo-photos z以-th结尾的名词，加-s1. 在长元音后，-ths读作 z 2. 在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作 s 1. bathbaths z 2. monthmonths s 不规则名词复数：man-men, wo

9、man-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_人称代词定义：人称代词用来

10、代替人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。第一人称 第二人称 第三人称单数复数单数复数单 数复 数人称代词主 格Iweyouyouhe she it they 宾格meusyouyouhim her itthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhis her itstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshis hers itstheirs物主代词是表示所有（拥有）关系的一种代词。物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词放在名词前。如：This is my book.这是我的书Her pen is red. 她的钢笔是红色的Their

11、 teacher is Mr.Wu.他们的老师是武老师。I have a lovely cat.我有一只可爱的小猫。名词性物主代词起名词的作用，（用来代替前面提到的名词），后面不可以再接名词。如：1. Your pen is red. Mine is black. 你的钢笔是红色的，我的是黑色的。2. He doesnt like his pen. He likes mine. 他不喜欢他的钢笔。他喜欢我的钢笔。3. That book is hers, not yours. 那本书是她的，不是你的。4.My book is thick. Yours is thin.我的书是厚的，你的书是薄的

12、。人称代词和物主代词练习题1._(she)is my aunt. We often visit_(she)2.Beijing is a big city._(it) is in the north of China.3.What day is _(it) today? _ (it) is Monday today.4.I have a blue bike. But the red one is not_.(my)5.These books are very good But _(they) are very expensive.6.Linda is a girl. _(she) is in C

13、lass1._(she) sister is in Class2.7.Tom is my friend._(he) is a good boy. 8.What time is_(it)?形容词的比较级 & 最高级一、形容词概念形容是用来修饰物体的形状，大小，长度，属性，特点等，位于名词的前面。如：big fat thick long 二、形容词比较级和最高级的意义英语中的形容词，在句子里当要表示“比较”、“最”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。如： long longer longest 原级 比较级 最高级1The black pen is very long. 黑

14、色的钢笔很长。2The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。比较级:形容词比较级用于两个事物或人的比较，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级的句子结构通常是：主语+ be动词+ 形容词比较级 + than+ 被比较的名词 ,I am taller than you. 我比你更高。 Tom is younger than Jack. Tom 比Jack大。My book is thicker than yours.我的书比

15、你的书厚。 形容词变比较级的规则： 一般在词尾+er ，如 tall - taller ,cold-colder，young-younger 以e结尾的，直接+r ，如 fine - finer ,nice-nicer 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+er， 如funny funnier，lovely-lovelier ,happy-happier, funny-funnier重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+er，big-bigger, fatfatter thin-thinner ,hot-hotter， sad-sadder，（大，胖，瘦，热

16、要双写）多音节词后+more beautiful-more beautiful， expensive-more expensive不规则形容词比较级： good-better, bad-worse,manymuch-more注意 1、比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.最高级：形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上

17、的比较，最高级后面一般带有in或of 的短语。形容词变最高级的规则： 一般直接在词尾+est ，如 tall - tallest ,cold-coldest 以e结尾的，直接+st ，如 fine - finest ,nice-nicest 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再+est，如funny-funniest lovely-loveliest,lovely-loveliest重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+est，big-biggest fatfattest thin-thinnest,hot-hottest， sad-saddest，多音节词

18、后+mostbeautiful-most beautiful， expensive-most expensive注意：最高级的单词前必须用the如：I am the tallest in our class.我在我们班是最高的。 This pen is the most expensive of the three. 这支钢笔比其余三支都贵。二、除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的。如：many / much（原形）- more（比较级）- most（最高级）little / few（原形） - less （比较级）- least（最高级）good（原形） - bett

19、er（比较级） - best（最高级）bad （原形） - worse（比较级） - worst（最高级）far （原形）- further（比较级）- furthest（最高级）1.small 21.late 2.short 22.nice 3.tall 23.large 4.young 24.heavy 5.long 25.early 6.strong 26.easy 7.light 27.busy 8.low 28.slowly 9.high 29.pretty 10.slow 30.funny 11.fast 31.dirty 12.high 32.beautiful 13.hard

20、33.interesting 14.cheap 34.expensive 15.bright 35.important 16.dark 36.different 17.cool 37.excited 18.fat 38.good/ well 19.big 39.bad/ill 20.thin 40.far 21.hot 3.old 41.many/much 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。1My brother is two years _ (old) than me.2. Is your sister _ (young) than you? Yes, she is.3. Who is _ (

21、thin),you or Helen? 4.Which pencil-box is _ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.5Tom jumps _ (high) than Jack. 6Is Lucy _ (thin) than Helen? Yes, she is.7My eyes are _(big) than hers. 8Which is _ (heavy),the elephant or the pig? 9Who is _ (early),Tim or Tom? 10Who is _(pretty) April or Lily?11. Today is _(

22、 hot) than yesterday.12. Sun is _(fat) than Bird.三、选择。（ ）1. The yellow shoes are than the blue ones.A.expensiveB. expensiverC. more expensive（ ）2. A cow is _ than a rabbit.A. big B. bigger C. biggest（ ）3. Whos the ,Jean,Joan or Jennet?A.thinnerB.thinestC.thinnest（ ）4. Tim is than Jack.A.funnyB.much

23、funnyC.funnier（ ）5. Im taller than others in my class. Im .A.tallB.tallestC.the tallest（ ）6. Who is younger Rose?A.thanB.thenC./ （ ）7. I _ _ the youngest in our class.A.am not B. was not C. do not （ ）8. His uncles house is very .A.old B.olderC.oldest（ ）9. My bike is ,but his bike is .A.new, newB.new

24、, newerC.new,newest（ ）10. Please clean your room.Its now.A.cleanB.dirtyC.tidy现在进行时1.现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作. 2现在进行时的肯定句结构为：主语+be+现在分词。 例如：He is doing his homework now.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 例如：He is not doing his homework now.4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。 Is he doing his homework? 肯定回答：Yes,he is. 否定回答：No,he isn

25、t.5现在进行时的特殊疑问句的结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 如：What are you doing now?你现在在干什么？ What is he doing now?他正在干什么？ 动词变现在分词规则1. 一般情况下，直接加ing go-going 去play-playing玩sleep-sleeping 睡觉eat-eating 吃 do-doing做 2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing 1. comecoming 来 2. dance-dancing 跳舞 3. close-closing 关 4. makemaking 制造 5. rideriding 骑

26、6. write-writing 写 7. take - taking 拿走 8. movemoving 移动/搬 9 havehaving 有3. 双写加-ing : 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音 判断是不是重读闭音节双写，不仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾， 还要看音标是不是符合辅音+ 元音+辅音结尾 只有都符合才可以双写。 1. sit- sitting 坐2. stop-stopping停3. swim- swimming 游泳4. run - running 跑5. cut cutting 切6.put putting放7.forget-forgetting忘记8.get-getting获得9.begin-beginning开始10.hit-hitting撞 注意： buy 不能双写。buy-buying现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_write_ ski_read_ have_ sing _dance_