虚拟语气-公开课-精品课件-全.ppt

1、The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气Part 1,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述,虚拟语气的概念,Subjective mood,If 型Should+v型类似if型,。,混杂条件句(各自为准)Were,had,s

2、hould提前，省略if,1.一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。,2.It is（necessary，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/if onlyIt is(high)time thatBut for/otherwise/without/in that case,1.过去式2.过去完成3.could、would、might+v,1.过去式2.过去完成,Should（不省）+v/过去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might+have done,insistsuggest,

3、虚拟语气的常考形式：,If 引导的条件句,a.if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。,b.if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,If we have chances,we can have further cooperation.,If I have another chance,I will visit China again.,if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思,if条件从句一般现在时,主句will shall+动词原形情态动词+动词原形,What will you do if it rains t

4、omorrow?,I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.,if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。,if 引导的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,if虚拟条件句,If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语+would(should/might/could)have done,If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.,与过去事实相

5、反,If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.,与过去事实相反,If he had got up earlier,he could have caught the train.,与过去事实相反,If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining解析：句子前半部分陈述的是与过去

6、事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。,if虚拟条件句,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),If I had a great deal of money,I would buy a villa(别墅)for my parents.,与现在事实相反,?,If I were the schoolmaster,I would let the students get up a little l

7、ater to get a better sleep.,与现在事实相反,If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 解析：that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。,if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,If I met Obama so

8、me day,I would shake hands with him.If I were to meet Obama some day,If I should meet Obama some day,与将来事实相反,If I _plan to do anything I wanted to,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.(05湖北)A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to解析：句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。,1、If+主语+动词过去式2

9、、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语+would(should/might/could)have done,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you_ so tired.(96全国)A.drove;didnt get

10、 B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got 选择答案 D,1.（2010高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone.If he me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told,【答案】D【解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用have done的结构，故选D。,2.（2010高考英语陕西卷）If we _ the other

11、 road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken,【答案】B【解析】主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。,3.（2010高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow,【答案】C,4.（2010高考英语北京卷）-The weather h

12、as been very hot and dry.-Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died,【答案】D【解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+have done，即D项正确。,注意以下问题：,1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句,通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的

13、谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。,3、错综时间虚拟句（混合虚拟条件句),1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形,If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were),主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were),If+主语+had+动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时

14、态,主语+would(should/might/could)have done,主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形,错综时间条件句,错综时间条件句,1）从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反 If it had rained last night,it would be very cool today.2)从句与现在相反，主句与过去相反 If I were you,I wouldnt have missed the film last night.3)从句与现在相反，主句与将来相反 If you hesitated this moment,you might suffer

15、 in future.4)从句与过去相反，主句与将来相反 If they had left home in the early morning,they would arrive in half an hour,1).如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.2).如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了 If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party3).假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房

16、，很可能现在还住在危房里。If you hadnt lent me some money,I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.,If he _ his legs yesterday,he _ with us now.A.hadnt hurt;would go B.hadnt hurt;would have goneC.didnt hurt;would go D.didnt hurt;would have goneIt is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fail D.were to fail,2.在虚拟条