考研英语真题.docx

1、考研英语真题2004年试题Section Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or o

2、n society as the major contributing influence. Theories1on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior2they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest tha

3、t children commit crimes in4to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5as a rejection of middle class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,6the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commi

4、t crimes7lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are8to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly9juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that10to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment11make gainful employment

5、increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in12lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also13changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 14，children are likely to have less supervision at home15was common in the tradit

6、ional family16. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other17causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased18of drugs and alcohol, and the growing19of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to incr

7、ease the probability of a child committing a criminal act,20a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 1.A actingB relyingC centeringD commenting2.A beforeB unless C until D because3.A interaction B assimilation C cooperation D consultation4.A return B reply C reference D response5.A

8、 or B but rather C but D or else6.A considering B ignoring C highlighting D discarding7.A on B in C for D with8.A immune B resistant C sensitive D subject9.A affect B reduce C check D reflect10.A point B lead C come D amount11.A in general B on average C by contrast D at length12.A case B short C tu

9、rn D essence13.A survived B noticed C undertaken D experienced14.A contrarily B consequently C similarly D simultaneously15.A than B that C which D as 16.A system B structure C concept D heritage17.A assessable B identifiable C negligible D incredible18.A expense B restriction C allocation D availab

10、ility19.A incidence B awareness C exposureD popularity20.A provided B since C although D supposingSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Hunting for a

11、job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E m

12、ails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in hou

13、se counsel for a company. With thousands of career related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowi

14、ng your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow conceptwhat you think you want to dothen broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “Theres

15、 no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that i

16、s added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobsthose it co

17、nsiders the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who are

18、nt hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always ke

19、ep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. 21.How did Redmon find his job?A By searching openings in a job database.B By posting a matching position in a database.C By using a special service of a database.D By E mailing hi

20、s resume to a database.22.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?A Lack of counseling.B Limited number of visits.C Lower efficiency.D Fewer successful matches.23.The expression “tip service” (Line 3-4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.A advisoryB compensationC interactionD rem

21、inder24.Why does CareerSites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?A To focus on better job matches.B To attract more returning visits.C To reserve space for more messages.D To increase the rate of success.25.Which of the following is true according to the text? A Personal search agents

22、 are indispensable to job hunters.B Some sites keep E mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed. D Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed. Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimina

23、tion have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi fi

24、rm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of t

25、op people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second hal

26、f. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of

27、them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first yea

28、r in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged

29、may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they r

30、each the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26.What does the author intend to illustr

31、ate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? A A kind of overlooked inequality. B A type of conspicuous bias.C A type of personal prejudice.D A kind of brand discrimination.27.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? A In both East and West, names are essential to success. B The alphabet is to blam

32、e for the failure of Zo Zysman.C Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. 28.The 4th paragraph suggests that.A questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from