现在完成时详解.docx

1、现在完成时详解现在完成时（一）一、构成：由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。当句子主语为第三人称单数时，动词用has;其他人称用have。1、肯定句： 主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其他成分I have read the book already.She has come. 用完成时填空（1）He (get) a car. (2)We (see) the film. 2、否定句：主语+have(has)+not+动词过去分词+其他成分I havent seen the film. 做否定句She (finish)the homework.They (give) me t

2、he answer yet.3、一般疑问句，均提前have(has)，肯定回答：Yes ,主语+have(has) ,否定回答，No, 主语+havent(hasnt) .Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?Yes ,I have . No, I havent . 做一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答She has picked the corns already .We have copied all the answers .4、特殊疑问句：（1） 疑问词做主语时句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+其他例:A:Who has /hav

3、e bought these apples? 谁买了这些苹果? B:Rose/Roses friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的. （2）.疑问词做主语以外的成份时.句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+ A: How long have you lived here?B: Ive lived here for nearly 6 years.A: How many times have you been to Spain?B: I have been to Spain five times.5、反义疑问句： She has drawn two

4、 pictures, hasnt she?二、动词过去分词：绝大多数动词都是规则变化在动词词尾加ed,部分动词是不规则变化。 规则变化动词分为四类：1、原形+ed，如 worked ,passed .2、字尾是不发音e是，直接加d，如 liked ,lived 3、字尾是“元音字母加 +y时”，直接加ed，若字尾为“辅音字母+y”，则改y尾I加ed，如，played ,stayed ,studied ,cried.4、末尾是一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写最后的辅音字母再加ed,如，stopped ,dropped,hugged,shopped,clapped.关于ed 的发音如下

5、：1、在清辅音后面读 / t / ,在元音后读 /d / .2、在 t, d 后读 / id /.现在完成时（二）现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。一、常与already（已经）,和 yet连用。1、Have you finished your work yet ? 你做完你的作业了吗？Yes ,I have . I have just finished it .我昨完了，我刚做完。2、Ive already finished it . 我已经完成了。3、I havent finished it yet.我还没做完。already 通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，含有alrea

6、dy 的完成时句子变成否定句和疑问句时already 都变成yet .She has already finished her homework . 变一般疑问句和否定句。Has she finished her homework yet ?She hasnt finished it yet. 根据上几句可看出already 常用于肯定句中，yet 常用于否定句疑问句句尾。同时yet 也用于not 后面。二、也可与ever(曾经) ,never（从来，决不）连用。Have you ever been to the park ?Yes ,I have .No ,I havent , I have

7、 never been to the park.三、与just(刚刚, 表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。),before(曾经，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，) 连用。1、He has just come back from school.2、I think I have met you before.3、It seems that I have been here before.四、以动作发生的次数为标志:twice, three timesHe says he has been to the USA three times. 练习题1、Have they seen t

8、he film ? 他们已经看过电影了吗？ Yes ,they have seen it .是的，他们刚刚看过。2、They have been to Hawaii.他们已经去过夏威夷了。3、They havent seen the film .他们还没看过这场电影呢。4、Have you seen the film ?你曾看过这场电影吗？ I have seen the film.我从来没看过这场电影。5、I havent got a very good job . A、already B、yet C、just D、never 6、Has she learnt surfing ? A、eve

9、r B、never C、just D、already 7、We have been to Hawaii. （ 哪个不可以填此空） A、never B、yet C、already D、just现在完成时（三）一、用法：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，有可能还会持续下去。（肯定句中必须用延续动词，否定句可用非延续动词）1.For + 时间段For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间,如a long time , several days , some time(一些时间)I have lived here for a long time.She has been busy

10、 for five days.2.Since + 表示过去的时间的单词或句子.Since +表示过去的时间的词,此时since 是介词.常见的时间状语如下:Since three years agoSince two months agoSince then从那时以来Since 2005,从2005年以来到现在Mike has been sick since yesterday/last night.since+句子(过去时), 此时since是连词.We have known each other since we were children.We have lived here since

11、 we moved here in 2001用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3._ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here3.how long表示多长时间,多久.回答 “how long +have/has +主语+过去分词”这样的现在完成时的问句时,常用for和since的句子.但和 “for+时间”一样,how

12、 long 不仅用于完成时还可用于其他时态.A: How long have you worked in this factory ?B: Ive worked in this factory for 3 years.B: Ive worked in this factory since I graduated from university.注意：“when?” 疑问句不可以用现在完成时,因为 “when”疑问句是用来询问时间的,而现在完成时则不谈动作的时间.(正)when did you visit Beijing?(误)when have you visited Beijing?4.th

13、ese days(months)(这几天,这几个月)既可以和完成时连用,也可以和其他的时态连用.It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。5.Recently/lately(最近,近来),表示包括现在在内的时间,所以常常和现在完成时连用.Nancy hasnt gone to school recently/lately.南希最近/近来没有去上学.6.So far/up to now(到目前为止), till/untill now(到现在),皆和现在密切关联,所以往往用现在完成时.Three students have been rescued so f

14、ar .截止到目前,已有三名学生获救.Ive planted 14 rose bushes so far.7.In the last /past few years.(在过去的几年中)这样的时间状语,一般用于现在完成时(也可用于过去时)We have learned about 2,000 words in the past few years.现在完成时（四）has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shang

15、hai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）跟时间段。My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.现在完成时（五） 瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的for +段时间，since +点时间的时间状语连用。常见的瞬间性动词有buy ,catch, borrow ,come ,go ,become, put on ,die ,finish ,lose , b

16、egin ,leave ,close ,等。但在一个有for +段时间，since+点时间的完成时句子中有上述瞬间性动词，就要把他们改成相应的延续性动词。如下是瞬间性动词如何向延续性转化。（1）转化成相应的延续性动词。如：buy have , catch(get)a cold have a cold ,borrow keep ,come /go /become be ,put on wear. 1、I have bought the computer for two years . 我买电脑 2、I have had the computer for two years . 已经两年了 buy

17、 买的动作发生在过去两年前，是一个瞬间行动词，不能持续到现在都一直在买。既然买到手就应该是拥有（have）,所以用have,是一个延续性动词。 1、I have put on the coat since last Friday . 自从上周2、I have worn the coat since last Friday . 五我就穿这衣服了。Put on 穿动作发生在过去自从上周五，是强调穿的动作。是一个瞬间行动词，不能持续到现在，所以用wear ，延续性动词表示穿的状态。（2） 转换成be+adj/adv 表示。die be dead , finish be over , begin be

18、 on , leave be away ,close be closed , fall asleep be asleep .1、That poor old man has died for fourteen months.那个可2、That poor old man has been dead fourteen months .怜的老人已经死十四个月了。 Die 死发生在过去十四个月之前，强调动作“死”是一个瞬间行动词，不能持续到现在所以用be dead强调“死”的状态，可持续很长时间。（3）转换成be+介词短语。Go to school be in school, join the army

19、 be in the army ,Join the Party be in the Party.1、Lily has gone to school for nine years . 丽丽上学2、Lily has been in school for nine years . 九年了。Go to school （去）上学发生在过去九年前，强调（去）上学这一动作，不能持续所以换成be in school,强调状态。 同时go to school be a student , join the army be a soldier ,join the Party be a Party member .

20、如： 1、He has joined the party since this time last year. 2、He has been a Party member since this time last year . 3、He has been in the Party since this time last year. 自从去年的这个时候它就已经参军了。Join the Party 强调参军这一动作，不能延续到现在，所以改为be a Party member 或be in the Party 练习：1、Kitty (buy)the book for nine days .2 Cat

21、herine (come)here since 2001.3、Thomas (die)for many years.4、Sonia (become)a student since three years ago.5、Li Qiang (go to )school for nine years .6、Sandra (catch )a cold since last Friday.7,Ling Feng (join )the Party since 1983.8 That TV programme (begin )for two hours .9、China (join)WTO since Nov

22、ember 11,2001.10、The baby (fall) asleep for one hour.现在完成时（六）二、现在完成时用法总结（及与一般过去时的区别）一般过去时单纯强调动作发生在过去某一时间，和现在不发生联系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。而完成时强调过去发生的某一动作或状态与现在的联系，对现在产生的影响和造成的结果，主要说明现在的情况，不和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year ,in 1980等。1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况。如：Li Lei has broken the window . (“打破“发生在过去而没有持续到现在只是强

23、调对现在造成了影响，及强调现在窗户破了。)Li Lei broke the window just now .( “打破“发生在过去同样没有持续到现在，但与现在没有联系，现在窗户可能还破着、可能已换新的了，但单从此句体现不出来。)2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在。Mr Green has lived in Beijing for two years .(live 居住的动作发生在过去两年前并持续到现在一直居住在北京。)Mr Green lived in Beijing in 2001/two years ago.(live 居住的动作发生在过去两年前,但现在它可能还住在那里，可能以不住在那里了，可但从此句体现不出来)分析下句：Edison worked here in 1998.Edison has worked here since 1998.