外研版高中英语必修三知识点语法总结材料超全超值.docx

1、外研版高中英语必修三知识点语法总结材料超全超值必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe重要短语：because of因为thanks to由于；多亏了due to/owing to由于as a result of由于的结果 be covered by/withbe known for/as/tomake A out of B用B制成Amake A into B/be made ofwork on从事/做工作；忙于havein commonrefer to参考/指的是/涉及/适用于have control over/of对有控制权Beyond control无法控制under contro

2、l被控制住out of control 失去控制in the control of由控制/管理/负责lose control of对失去控制have a population of有多少人口little by little渐渐地in ones thirtiescompare A with/and B比较A和Bcompareto把比作.compared with/to与比较起来belong toincrease(reduce) to/byin terms of根据/从方面来说/从的观点in the long/short term就长/短期而言come to terms=make terms达成协

3、议，和好bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be faced with面临，面对face to face along the coastoff the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上ever since自从/一直on the one /other hand一方面/另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated in坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主有存在（be）opposite to在对面，与相反just the opposite恰恰相反k

4、eep a cool head保持头脑清醒lose ones head惊慌失措，失去理智head for朝着前进get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation挽回局势重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数 最。之一2. Portugal is to the west of Spain. 表示位置: A is/lies i

5、n/on/to/off the+方向+of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of Bin ,on和to表地理方位的区别（1） 表示A在B的范围内（2） 强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3） A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。3. on the coast和off the coaston表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“

6、稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如：4. 表示倍数的四种句型： 1）This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。 2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。 3）A is times the size/length/width/height/depth of B This room is 3 times the size of that one.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。 4) A + v. times as many/much + n.+ as B The f

7、actory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。语法要求：一： 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be形式，过去分词不变。 现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词 过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则 语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。注意：(1) something, everybody, n

8、obody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。(2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, rather than, but, 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。3）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.5）如果主语是由

9、and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.6) 谓语动词用单数的情况：many a ，more than one，Every and every/，noand no/eachand eachone and a half，aor two，a/the (and) 指同一人、事物或概念the number ofa great deal of / a large amount of2. 意义一致原则。1)一些集合名词，如：f

10、amily, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：2） 由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.3. 邻近性原则。neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。 Modul

11、e 2重要短语：agree to the plan (suggestion, proposal) 同意（建议，安排） measure sth in/by sth用来衡量agree with sb.同意某人的观点或看法，适合 agree on/upon sth达成协议一致意见make efforts/ an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort不遗余力with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地get(be) close to靠近，接近，即将发生as a result of由于as a result结果result in导致result fr

12、om由引起in/during the last ten yearsreceive a good educationbe willing to do sth.make comparisons作比较be connected withat the top of /at the bottom oflive with与.住/忍受up to直到/到为止/多达make progress进步be similar to与相似encourage sb to do sth take measures to do采取措施be crowded with充满，满是in exchange for交换 achieve one

13、s goal on a high/low income高/低收入income tax (个人)所得税with the development of under development在发展中figure out算出/解决/理解/弄明白be up to=be fit for胜任，适合于 share sth. with sb.与某人分享share (in)sth.共享life expectancy预期寿命;平均寿命重要句型：1.be be important to sb.of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable

14、 This dictionary is of great use. =usefulWhat he said is of importance for you. = important2. till ：直到up to sth be fit for ：胜任Li Ping is not up to his job.be busy in doing sth ：忙着做be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由决定/ 负责3. sure1) make sure表示“务必”，“确信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或that引导的宾语从句。 Make su

15、re(that) you will arrive there on time. 你务必准时到这。 I know theres a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time.2）be sure of, be sure that 对有把握，对确定，确信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? Im sure of winning the game. 3) be sure to do 说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事

16、He is sure to be back soon. 他一定会很快回来。 Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘了。 注意：be sure of 与be sure to do的区别： .He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed. 他确信他会成功。 .He is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。(说话人的看法) . Be sure to write and tell me all your news. 务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be su

17、re of oneself 有自信心，for sure的确；确实地， sure enough果真，果然。 用于口语，此时的“Sure.”相当于“Of course.” 与“Certainly.”。 4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report. 表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装, 即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。At the foot of the mountain lies a small village. Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。 Here comes the bus. 车

18、来了。(To the) south of our school stand many shops. 【部分倒装】only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首 so+adj/adv+(倒装)+ that1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he returned.)2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I hav

19、e never seen such a moving film before)3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that)5 S.+ be + adj. + to do easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult1).The water is not pure to drink (drink)2).He needs a chair comfort

20、able to sit on.(sit )3).The young man felt the room cold to live in (live) 语法要求：1. but和however的联系和区别however作副词用时,表示“然而；但是”,可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首时,要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开；位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时其前用逗号分开.however与but 两者都做“但是,然而”讲,而且都引出并列句.从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较however要强.从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首,而however却可位于句首、句中和句末,同

21、时从标点符号上看,but之后一般不得使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开.2. although引导状语从句 Module3重要短语:pick upat sea迷茫on averagenatural disastercatch fire失火/着火pour down倾泻而下set fire to放火烧manage to do sth.put out熄灭report on报道fall downfrom side to sidein all总共，合计not at all一点也不，别客气after all毕竟，终究above all首先，尤其是first of all首先come

22、to an end结束，完结turn over移交; 翻转according totake placea total of总数为in ruins严重受损，破败不堪fall into ruin已成废墟bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人end up到达或来到某处end up with sth.以某事作为结束end up doing sth.以做某事为结束bury oneself in sth.埋头于、专心致志于某事物be buried in埋头于，专心致志于sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. + that-clause某人突然想到it occu

23、rs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事on the same latitude在同一纬度warn sb. (not)to do sth.警告某人（不）干某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事be experienced in/at在方面有经验重要句型:1.A good idea suddenly struck me. 我忽然想到一个好主意strike sb.+介词+the +具体部位 打某人的某个部位eg. strike him on the back打某人的背 hit sb in the face打某人的脸pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人

24、的肩膀 be struck by被所打动，被迷住【注意区分】strike, hit, beat, knockstrike “(钟)敲打，撞击，袭击”， 表示有力的打一下。beat 连续地打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也可表示殴打，体罚。hit 瞄准某物而击中。也可表示“袭击”knock 用拳头或硬的东西“敲、击、打2.wordsmeaningsoccur偶然发生；突然想起 It occurred to sb. that .happen偶然发生；碰巧 It happened that / sb. happen to do sth.break out(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵) 突然

25、爆发take place(有计划地)发生; 举行3.There was the possibility of It is possible that语法要求：1. by the time意为“到时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下：1).如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。By the timedid, sb. had done sth. By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped.2).如

26、果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。By the timedo/does, sb. will have done sth.By the time you get back，I shall have finished the work. 3).如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by th

27、e time相当于when。 例如： He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。2. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+过去分词3. 间接引语。英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作相应的改变。3. 定语从句。Module 4重要短语cut out剪除;切掉;割掉cut up切碎;使伤心cut of切断;停掉;隔绝cut in插嘴cut

28、down砍掉;消减dig up挖出be caught in被困在(风、雨、雪)中 catch up with赶上;跟上 catch hold of抓住,握住catch sight of看见 walk up to认识到/意识到 sweep away扫除/清除/冲走/刮走take in吸入（空气）;欺骗;体会;收容 give out分发;发出(气味、热气)；用尽take away带走take off 脱下,拿掉,起飞take on承担take up举起,开始做;占据give up放弃give in屈服;让步,投降give off送出;发出（光等）give away赠送;放弃;泄漏;出卖have a

29、n effect on complain to sb向诉苦/发牢骚complain about/of sth抱怨某事one after another一个接一个look through仔细检查be part of成为的一部分 masses of/a mass of许多,大量the masses群众,平民in the mass大体而论,总体上a weather forecast天气预报give/make a forecast预言,预报solve problems if possible如果可能if any如果有的话if necessary如果需要的话if so如果是这样的话if ever如果曾经

30、有的话if not不这样的话think seriously about认真考虑prevent/stop/keep(from)doingin a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之be concerned for/about/over 对关心,担心,忧虑be concerned with/in与有关as far as sth.is concerned就某事而言 重要句型1. appear to似乎，好像/ It appears that He is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old. It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known (know) it. 这女孩好像已经知道了这件事。It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我觉得你们全错了。2.wordsmeaningsstrength着重指人的力气，物的强度。force自然力量；暴力，势力；法律，道德，感情力量；军事力量等energy主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power用途最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政权3. soth