名词性从句.docx

1、名词性从句名词性从句根据句子的结构可分为： 简单句一主一谓并列句由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。复合句一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。定义根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。总述1. 主语从句在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语 e.g. What you said sounds reasonable.It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is natural/surprising/necessary/cert

2、ain/true/clear that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no surprise/no wonder that It doesnt matter whetherIt seemsappears that It happens that碰巧2. 表语从句-位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用as if/as though/because/why引导e.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task.同位语从句-跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word）,

3、promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which.也可用whether (不用if), who, what, which, when, where, how , whye.g. The news that our team has won the match is true.4宾语从句1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）2)直接引语和间接引语I doubt whetherif he will keep his word. I do

4、nt doubt that our team will win.一引导词1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。3连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句二语序： 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序Wh

5、en he will arrive is not known.I dont know how I can get through the exam.三时态1在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态 Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent. Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk. Mary has been caugh

6、t in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain. 但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。2在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.Have you any idea why he was so rude?四、语气1只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。 五宾语从句否定词

7、的转移 六、 if和whether表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。1主语从句句首 2表语从句 3介词之后4不定式之前 5紧跟or not 6. 同位语从句7. 宾语从句前移Whether she will win the game, Im not sure.七that和whatthat不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。下面几种情况不可以省略：1主语从句 2. 表语从句3. 同位语从句Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell

8、faster than light objects.4. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.5. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.八1 whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever

9、=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.比较：He asked me who broke the glass.（正确） 他问我是谁打的玻璃。He asked me whoever broke the glass.（错误）Whoever goes against law shall be punished.（正确） 违法的人将受罚。Who goes against law shall be

10、punished.（错误）2wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me.让步状语从句=No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.He would believe whatever I said.宾语从句九同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.同位语从句

11、，that在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.定语从句，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序(1) that 和whether/if引导的从句 She sensed something.A tall man in a dark coat was staring at herShe sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.She

12、 wondered.Would the buses still be running?She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. (F)How he was successful is still a puzzle. (T)你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives? (T) Could y

13、ou tell me where does he live? (F)1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is certain.2) Whether he will go there is not known.3) What he said is not true.4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed.7) How we can help the twins will

14、 be discussed at the meeting. 8) When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.由 that 引导:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)Keys2. That the earth is round3. That you missed the chance总结： that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子，that 不可省。考点一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗

15、长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what, who, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导.也常常后置:It doesnt matter if/whether h

16、e is a foreigner.It is a question whether he is willing to come.It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short timeIt 的用法： （形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happens

17、. that显然、明显、 碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）It is well known /reported / thought/said that It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtfulthatIt is a pity/a shame/an honour/ thatIt doesnt matter whetherIt seems that It happens that考点二

18、 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book?What he needs _are_ some book?宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）连词：that, whether, if （that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when, where, why, how1). They know that the habit will kill them.2).It all depends o

19、n whether they will support us.3) I am afraid that he didnt call me.4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job. 5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.

20、 The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without youKeys: 1.Whether/if 2. whether 3.whether 4.whether 5. whether 6. If2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句

21、型中不省略. eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. I dont think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.宾语从句的时态呼应1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实

22、现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.a. his dream will come true some dayb. what you were doing at this time yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 1). 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 2). 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 3). 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teac

23、her tell us _1. he was preparing for the examination2. He had been away from his hometown for ten years3. light travels in a straight line.3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句)连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / ho

24、w / because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.because, as if 也可引导表语从句: 1. He is absent today. Its _ he is seriously ill. because 2. It looks _ its going to rain again. as if True or

25、 False: Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. F Her suggestion is that we do it by turns. T4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea, belief, fact ； truth, problem, news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voice

26、s surprises many people.2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion

27、, advice等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。选词填空that/ whether / where/ how1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I

28、have some doubt _ he will win.Keys: 1. where 2. how 3. that 4. that . 5.whether名词性从句基础训练题1. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3. It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. think

29、s that C. is thought that D. is thought that4. It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6. The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7. The question is _ it is worth

30、 doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9. My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10. His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11. My advice is that he _ regular house. A. ke