虚拟语气讲解和练习附答案.docx

1、虚拟语气讲解和练习附答案高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原

2、形would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚

3、拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所

4、要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to coll

5、ege.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should leave

6、the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The g

7、eneral sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Its requ

8、ested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never been in

9、volved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about/hig

10、h） time 后的定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1Had he taken his parents advice, he _ ha

11、ving made such a silly mistake now.Awould not regret Bwould not have regrettedCmay not regret Dmay not have regretted【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查混合虚拟语气。句意：如果他听了父母的劝告，他现在就不会后悔犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误了。本句考查if引导的混合条件虚拟语气，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，分析本句可知，从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，故主句中用would/should/could/might do结构。故选A。【点睛】虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 条

12、件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do与将来事实相反的假设过去时 (waswere ) ; should do;were to dowould/could/might/should do通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面

13、表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。如本句Had he taken his parents advice, he would not regret having made such a silly mistake now. 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设。故A选项正确。2Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical exam.Abe; should have Bwas; haveCshould be; had Dwas; had【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：考

14、查suggest的用法：句意：Jane的苍白的脸表明她病了，她的父母建议她去体检。第一个suggest是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，为过去式。第二个suggest是“建议”的意思，后面是一个虚拟语气，固定用法为“（should）do sth”，其中should常省略。选B。考点：考查suggest的用法3- Its many years since I saw you last； I _ you at all.- I wouldnt have, either, if someone _ you by the name.Adidnt recognize; hadnt ca

15、lled Bdidnt recognize; didnt callChavent recognized; didnt call Drecognized; had called【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：-自从上一次相见已经过去许多年了，我没有认出你来。-如果不是有人喊你的名字，我也没有认出你。第一空指的是说这句话之前没有认出对方，故用过去式；第二空表示对过去事情相反的假设，在从句中对过去的虚拟用过去完成式。故选A。4The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I _ whats going on in my little

16、boys head right now.”Aknow Bknew Chave known Dhad known【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意：沮丧的妈妈自言自语道：“如果我知道我的孩子现在在想什么就好了”if only，如果就好了，引导的句子需用虚拟语气。由句意可知，与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故选B项。考点：考查虚拟语气。5I recommend the government _ Real Cine for urban planning since it is cheaper and practical, _ the way most urban plannin

17、g is done today.Auses; compared to Buse; compared withCuse; comparing to Duses; comparing with【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和非谓语。句意：我建议政府使用Real Cine来进行城市规划，因为它与今天大多数城市规划的方法相比更便宜，更实用。 recommend表建议，其后的宾语从句要用(should)+动词原形， should可省略，所以此处用use的原形。compared with与相比。6With the failure of the experiment, we reach a dead

18、 end.Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events _ first.Adont happen Bdidnt happenChadnt happened Dhavent happened【答案】C【解析】【详解】表示与过去事实相反的推测时，主句用would have done的形式，if从句用过去完成时。7I the answer to her possible, but I was fully occupied then.Acould explain; if it had been Bmust

19、have explained; were itCshould have explained; had it been Dshould have explained; should it be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果可能的话，我本该给她解释这个答案，但当时我很忙。根据题意可知此处表示与过去事实相反，当条件句中省略if时需用倒装结构，把had提前。主句表示“本应该”，用shouldhave done.故选C。【名师点睛】当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should

20、he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。本题就是省略if，had提前的情况。8Im worried about the sports meet. Do you think it will be postpo

21、ned?If it _ rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry.Acould BwouldCmight DShould【答案】D【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。从第二句后半句可知，明天不会下雨，因此判断为虚拟语气，而对将来的虚拟应用should + do，故选D。句意，我很担心明天的运动会，你觉得会被推迟吗？如果明天下雨的话会，但事实上天气预报已经排除了这一担忧。考点：考查定虚拟语气9Its necessary that not only _ to see a doctor but a

22、lso have a good rest.Awill Boy go BBob will goCshould Bob go DBob should go【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：不仅Bob应该去看医生而且也应该好好休息，这是很必要的。当not onlybut also连接两个分句时，以not only开头的句子要用部分倒装，又因为it is necessary后的that从句一般要用should +动词原形，故选C。【名师点睛】在It is imperative(essential，necessary，appropriate，desirable，important，vital.

23、等)+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，即：使用动词原形或should+动词原形。例如：1. It is vitally important that they receive all the help available. 极为重要的是他们要得到所有可能得到的帮助。2. It is important that you(should) keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言，这一点很重要。3. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 他明天来参加我们的会议是很必要的。4.

24、It is essential that our prices remain competitive. 我们保持价格方面的竞争优势是至关重要的。5. It is most desirable that they should both come. 他们两个人都来，这最好不过了。6. It is appropriate that the exhibition should be sponsored by BMW. 这个展览会由BMW来主办是恰当的。10Their requirement that he one years experience is reasonable.Ahad BhasCha

25、ve Dwould have【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求他有一年的工作经验是有理由的。Requirement后边用that引导同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故选C。11Why didnt you call me then?Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I _ you otherwise.Awould call Bhad calledChave called Dwould have called【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：-为什么当时你不给我打电话?-哦,我的手机没电了。否

26、则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would /should /could/might +have+过去分词，指如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D.【名师点睛】含蓄虚拟条件句就是将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中，分词短语中，介词短语中，名词短语中，或某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中，将条件隐含在定语从句中，将条件隐含在一定的上下文中，等等。如：To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你

27、学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you)Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what)Without air, no one could live.没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true frie

28、nd, he would)I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)Dont bother to read all these papers

29、. It would take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=If you read all these papers, It would take too long)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)12William was late. He _ earlier if he was really serious about the interview.

30、Amay have come Bshould be comingCought to have come Dmust have come【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：William迟到了。如果他真的在意这场面试的话，他本该早点来的。ought to have done=should have done本应该做却没有做。故选C。13If we _ a ticket earlier, we would be watching the film now.Ahave booked BbookedCbook Dhad booked【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早订了一张票，我们现在就会看这部电影。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以从句要用过去完成时态，故选D。【点睛】虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的用法： （一）表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用 were) + 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ 例：1. If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶