新概念英语第一册全部语法.docx

1、新概念英语第一册全部语法新概念英语第一册全部语法一 时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去 将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。u 含有 be 动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在 be 动词后面加 notHe is not a t

2、eacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.u 不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加 does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books?Does she like

3、him?doesn t, 动词变为原型Does the dog like bones? 变否定句在主语及动词之间加 He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him. The dog doesn t like bones. 肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesn Yes, she does. No, she doesnYes, it does. No, it doesn注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S,不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a b

4、ath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加 doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加 dont.You don t want to have a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I don t.Yes, we

5、do. No, we don tYes, they do. No, they don t.2.现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。构成： 主语 be 动词动词的现在分词其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Ar

6、e the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在 be 动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑问句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing? （必背）没有进行时的

7、动词 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉，感官的词 see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has 当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3.一般过去时yesterday, last night, the daywas， are 的过去式为 were表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式， am, is 的过去式为 I was at the butcher s.You were a student a year ago.

8、The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 变疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首 Were you at the butcher s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? 变否定句在 be 动词后面加 not I was not at the butcher s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定回答否

9、定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. 特殊疑问句：What did you do?（必背）不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录 I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. 变疑问句在句首加 did ， 动词变为原型 Did you finish

10、 your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? 变否定句在主语和动词之间加 did not I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didn t.Yes, he did. No

11、, he didn t.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4.现在完成时构成：主语 +助动词 have, has+ 过去分词 用法：等时间1） 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和 just, usually, already, since 副词连用Ihave just had lunch. （ 饱了，不用再吃了 ）He has had a cup of tea. （不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内

12、容了，不用再看了）2） 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3） 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一种经历，经验：去过 , 地方，做过 , 事情，经历过 , 事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I h

13、ave never been to cinema.not.变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句：What have you done?What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错： I ve left Beijing for 3 days.对：

14、I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作， 经常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用 结构： 主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.J

15、ack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 变否定句在助动词后面加 notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the

16、 next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not. 特殊疑问句： What will you do?6.过去完成时： 用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.

17、They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before 引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否定句在助动词后面加 notShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadn t. 特殊疑问句：What had she done?7

18、.过去进行时 表示过去正在进行的动作 , 经常用在 when, while, as 引导的状语从句中。 结构： was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8 过去将来时 结构： would doShe said she would go here the next morning.二 特殊句型： there b

19、e 句型， be going to 结构1. Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事 结构：主语 +be 动词 +going to + 动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give th

20、e bookcase to his daughter? 变否定句在 be 动词后面加 notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are t

21、hey going to do?What is the father going to do?（必背）2. There be 句型 表示哪里有什么东西 （ 某处有某物 ） u There is 单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableu There are 复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将 be 动词移到句首Is there a book in t

22、his room?Are there two pens on the table? 变否定句在动词后面加 notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.三 问句： 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句2一般疑问句 : 助动词 /be 动词 + 主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to h

23、ave a cup of tea?2 特殊疑问句 : 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句What is your name?2 选择疑问句 : orDo you want beef or lamb?2 反意疑问句 : 肯定陈述句 +否定疑问部分， 否定陈述部分 + 肯定疑问部分You don t need that pen, do you?2 否定疑问句 : 一般疑问句 +否定词Aren t you lucky? Don t you want have a rest? 四 冠词用法： a/an/the 的一般用法详细见笔记五 限定词： some, any, many, much2 some, any 修

24、饰可数名词或不可数名词， some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句和疑问句， 注意， 当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用 some2 many 修饰可数名词， much 修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用 many, much, 而用 a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用 many, much.I have a lot of money. I don t have much money.六名词：种类，复数，名词所有格 1名词分为可数名词和不可数名词2 不可数名词 无法分开的东西： water, tea, bread, milk, rice （米）抽象的东西： love, beauty,

25、 coldness （寒冷）不可数名词有以下特点：l 不能用 a, an 修饰l 不能加 sl 和单数 be 动词或动词搭配2 可数名词： 单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加 s, 名词复数共有以下几种变化： 规则变化的名词复数形式规则 1一般情况 +se.g. shell shells book books规则 2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 +ese.g. fox foxes church churches, bus buses, watch watches规则 3以 o 结尾 +s 或 +ese.g. potato potatoes, Negro Negroes,

26、 hero heroes, tomato tomatoes ，（口诀：黑人英雄爱 吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加 s, radio radios规则 4以 f, fe 结尾的，变 f, fe 为 vese.g. life lives half halves, shelf shelves, city cities, wife wives规则 5以辅音字母 +y 结尾 , 变 y 为 i+ese.g. sky skies fly flies不规则变化的名词复数形式单数 man woman foot goose tooth复数men womenfeetgeeseteeth单数child sheepde

27、ermousefish复数childrensheepdeermicefish七 介词 （ 注意总结书上词组 ）八副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化 u 副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如： The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. u 变化： 1 直接在形容词后加 -ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly, 2 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词，把 y 变 I, 加 -ly, happy-happily, lucky-l

28、uckily3 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late4 有些词加上 -ly 后意思与原词相差很远： neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,九 情态动词的使用： can, must, may, might, need, 1情态动词 can （能够） , must （必须） , may （可以） 结构：主语 +can/must/may+ 动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English. 变疑问句将情态动词移到句首 Can he

29、make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English? 变否定句在情态动词后面加 not He cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot. 特殊疑问句：What can you do?（必背）2 Must/have to 的区别must 表示必须，是主观上

30、觉得应该做， have to 是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而 have to do 可以用在任何时态3 must, may, might 表示猜测：u must do 表示对现在事实的猜测u must have done 表示对过去事实的猜测u must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测u may/might do, may/might have done 表示没有任何事实依据的猜测， might 的可能性更小。 u can t/couldn t 表示不可能4 need 用法：u 表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don t.I need to have a rest.u Need doing=need to be done ，表示被动The flowers need watering.u Need 在否定时做情态动词使用You needn t go so early. =You don t need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you n