中考英语知识手册.docx

1、中考英语知识手册英语一、常考动词/名词辨析1. 四种“花费” spend+时间/金钱，在主动语态中，主语必须是人，且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。 take指“花费”时间，句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。 cost 指“花费”时间、金钱或力气等，只能用表示事物的词做主语，并且不能用于被动语态。 pay主要指主语（某人）买某物（或为某事）付多少钱（给某人）。eg：She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书。It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。How mu

2、ch does the jacket cost? 这件夹克多少钱?I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金。2.四人成“说” speak是“讲话；演讲”，着重指说话的动作，指开口说或连续不断地说，多用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，其宾语是语言名称。 say是“说；讲”，一般用作及物动词，着重指说话的内容。它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。 talk意思是“说；讲；谈话”，强调两人之间的相互谈话，也可指单方面的谈话。 tell意为“告诉；讲述；吩咐”，多以口头方式将某事告诉某人。eg：He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。She says,

3、 “Dont draw on the wall!” 她说：“别在墙上画画!”She is talking with John in English. 她正在和约翰用英语交谈。She is telling the children a story. 她正在给孩子们讲故事。3.“拿”走不谢 bring表示“带来，拿来”。 take与 bring相对，表示“带去，拿去”。 carry表示“运载，携带”之意，单词的主语可以是车船等。 fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。eg：Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你

4、作品的复制版带给我。Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。4. 四个“看” look为不及物动词，一般后接介词at使用，表动作。 see “看见”，表结果。 watch= look at sb./ sth. carefully“仔细观看，注视”，常用的有观看电视，比赛等。 read 只用于指看书或看其他杂志。eg：Please look

5、at the blackboard. 请看黑板。Can you see the word clearly? 你能清楚看到这个字了吗？May I watch TV now? 我现在可以看电视吗？Im reading a book. 我正在读书。5. 表示“变（化）” get表示天变长/变黑/变短。 turn颜色的变化。 grow表示形状变大或变小。 become强调由一种状态向另一种状态的变化，表示渐变。The days get shorter and shorter. 日子变短了。The trees turn green in spring.在春天，树变绿了。My little brother

6、 is growing tall.我的小弟弟长高了。Ibecome interested in this book. 我开始对这本书感兴趣了。6. 表示声音 noise噪音，嘈杂声，吵闹声。 voice人发出的声音。 sound听到的任何声音。eg：Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音。He shouted at the top of voice.他高声呼喊。There were strange sounds coming from the next room.隔壁房间传来奇怪的声音。7. 三个“问题” problem多指习题，问题常与so

7、lve连用。 question常指需要解答的问题，常与ask和answer连用。 matter指意外的麻烦和问题。eg：He is thinking about a mathsproblem.他正在想一道数学难题。May I ask a question?我可以问个问题吗？Whats the matter with you?你怎么啦？8. 表示“到达” arrive in+大地方，at+小地方。 get+to 到达；达到地步。 reach是及物动词(较get更正式)，可直接跟地点名词做宾语。eg：They will arrivein Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周一到达巴黎

8、。We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站。When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。9. 两个“借” 借入 borrow 借出 lendeg：I borrowedtwo books from the library.我从图书馆借了两本书。Can you lend your dictionary to me?能把你的字典借给我吗？10.“孤独”求败 lonely主观感受上的“寂寞

9、”。alone客观存在的“孤独”“独自一人的”。eg：Mary lived alone, but she didnt feel lonely. 玛丽孤身一人生活，但她并不感到孤独。11. 除之外besides意为“除之外”（还有）。except意为“除之外”（不再有）。eg：I have another blue pen besides this one.除了这支外，我还有另一支蓝色钢笔。（共2支）We all passed the exam except Tom. 我们都通过了考试，汤姆除外。（除了Tom没过，别人都过了）12. 另一个 the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”，表示

10、特指。another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”，表示泛指，所以常用来指范围外的另一个。eg：We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.我们站在街这边，他们站在那边。She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书。13. 夜“太”美 too many作“太多”讲，加可数名词复数。 too much作“太多”讲，加不可数名词。 much too 表程度，加形容词。eg：Thereare too many words in this article. 这篇文章中有太多单

11、词。You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。Its much too cold. 天气实在是太冷了。14.“在前” in front of“在（整体）前面”。in the front of “在（范围内）前部”。eg：There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵树。There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板。15. 双“听” hear强调听的结果。 listen不及物动词，常与to连用。eg：Louder, please, I ca

12、nt hear you. 大点声，我听不到。He often listens to news on radio.他常常在收音机上听新闻。16. 三个“参加” join加入“党派”“组织”。 take part in参加“聚会”“活动”。 attend 出席会议。eg：His brother joined the army three years ago.他哥哥三年前参军了。Will you take part in the English evening?你会来参加英语晚会吗？All the students took an active part in the thorough cleani

13、ng.所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。Can you attend the meeting this afternoon on time? 您能按时来参加今天下午的会议吗？17. 接受，收到 receive强调“收到、接到”这一动作。 accept强调立场上的结果，表“领受、接受”意义。eg：I received a letter yesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。I received his gift but I didnt accept it. 我收到了他的礼物，但我没有接受它。18. 在医院，住院 in hospital“住院“。 in the hospital 意为“在医院里”。

14、eg：He is ill in hospital.他生病了住院了。In the hospital, the woman found her husband. 在医院里，那位妇女找到了她的丈夫。19. 事件 incident 指小事件。 accident 指不幸的事故。 eg：That was one of the strangest incidents in my life.那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。He was killed in the accident. 他在意外中不幸被杀。20. 工作 work指无差别的人类劳动，不可数。 job指具体某一项工作，可数。eg：I have a lo

15、t of work to do today.我今天有许多工作要做。I heard you had changed jobs.我听说你换了几个工作。二、中考中常考词性转换初一1. be-am/is/are2. come-came-come-coming3. eat-ate-eaten-eating4. go-goes-went-gone-going5. get-got-gotten-getting6. study-studies-studied-studying7. swim-swam-swum-swimming8. sleep-slept-sleeping9. take-takes-took-

16、taken-taking10. travel-travels-traveled-traveling11. write-writes-wrote-written-writing12. tooth-teeth13. story-stories14. me-my-mine15. foreigner-foreigners16. she-her-her-hers17. interest-interesting-interested 18. good-well19. develop-developed-developing-development20. tell-tells-told21. child-c

17、hildren22. health-healthy23. see-sees-saw初二1. happy-happily2. difficult-difficulty-difficulties3. make-making-made4. successfully-succeed-successful5. one-first-ones(代词复数)6. win-won-winning7. smoke-smokes-smoking-smoked8. lie-lies-lying-lay-lain9. act-active-activity-activities10. many/much-more-mos

18、t11. good/well-better-best12. bad-worse-worst13. advise-advises-advising-advised14. big-bigger-biggest15. meal-meals16. they-their-them-themselves17. easy-easier-easiest18. forget-forgets-forgetting-forgot-forgotten19. change-changes-changed-changing20. guide-guides-guiding-guided21. mistake-mistake

19、s22. friend-friends-friendly23. spend-spends-spent-spending中考 1. decide-decided-decision2. serve-served-serves3. discover-discovery-discovers-discovered4. teach-teaches-taught5. behave-behaves-behaved-behavior6. choose-chooses-chose-chosen7. drive-drove8. celebrate-celebration-celebrated9. satisfy-s

20、atisfied10. opportunity-opportunities11. confident-confidence12. laugh-laughs-laughed13. fun- funny14. late-lately-later-latest15. kind-kindness16. ride-rode-rides17. grow-grows-grew18. own-owns-owning-owned19. different-difference-differently20. think-thinks-thought21. fly-flies-flew22. send-sends-sent23. divide-division-divides-divided