上海牛津版新高一暑假衔接课程英语第3讲定语从句关系代词核心词汇学案.docx

1、上海牛津版新高一暑假衔接课程英语第3讲定语从句关系代词核心词汇学案第3讲-定语从句关系代词核心词汇-学案一、课前热身1.环保消费者是那些只买及使用环保商品的人。2.由电驱动的汽车对环境不造成伤害。3.大多数垃圾都是由我们不能吃或者用的东西组成的。4.作为一个推销员，你很有可能被迫卖一些对顾客可能并没啥好处的产品。5.这里的土壤富含那些有利于植物生长的物质。二、知识精讲知识点一、定语从句关系代词【知识梳理】一、概念： 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause） The man （who lives next to us ）sells vegetable. You

2、 must do everything （that I can do）. 二、要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因) 三、关系代词的用法1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that 先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after peoples health.

3、先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.2.指物的关系代词: which / that先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just

4、 laid on the shelf is mine.关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.总结：关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。 关系代词中在从句中充当宾语的是which、that、who、whom且可以省略。 当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用 whom， 指物只能用which。 which 只能指物，whowhom 只能指人，that既可指人又可指物。3.表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所属，也表示物的所属。)表示人的所属： The girl whose fath

5、er is a model worker is our monitor.表示物的所属： Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如： 1.The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.2.The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. 3.The river t

6、he banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.1）There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.2）There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.3）There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.注：此处of也可以是其它介词，要看和先行词的具体搭配，如from。4.as作关系代词的用法as

7、引导的定语从句常出现于the sameas,suchas,asas和soas结构中。当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。Lets meet at the same place as we did yesterday.注意： the sameas vs the samethat 指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物 This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.

8、 suchas vs suchthatIt is such a difficult problem as no one can work out. It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像那样”. that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此以至于”.as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如” 谓语动词经常为know, see, s

9、uggest, turn out As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.5.关系代词用法小结关系代词指人指物主格who、that、that、which、宾格whom 、who、that、that、which、所有格of whom 、whoseof which、whose、四、考点梳理I. 关系代词只能用that，而不能用which

10、的情况：1) 当先行词被为不定代词。如：There is nothing (that) I can say about it.2）先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.3）先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。如：The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers help. Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?4) 先行词为序数词或

11、被序数词修饰时。如：The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.5）被修饰的先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。如：I am interested in all that you have told me. There isnt much that I can do.He is one of the few that can wo

12、rk it out in five minutes.6）先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如：They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.7）先行词是疑问代词时。如：Which is the book that he bought yesterday?Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?8）先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如：This is no longer the place that it used to be.He is not t

13、he man that he was.II. 关系代词只能用which不用that 的情况1. 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth.2. 当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.在上一例句中,引导词 “which”作了介词 “in”的宾语,所以不可以用 “that”代替.【例题精讲】1. Ms Chancery is the teacher .A. I like her b

14、est B. I like best C. that I like her best D. whom like best2. Is this the calculator you borrowed from Jane?A. one B. the one what C. the one D. which3. I have bought the same dress she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. what【巩固练习】用适当的关系代词填空1. We need friends _ can help us. 2. The man _you saw ye

15、sterday was a doctor from Beijing. 3. This is a story about a communist fighter _ name is Liu Hulan. 4. This is our classroom， _ windows face the south. 5. Here is a book _ will give a lot of useful knowledge. 6. This is the song _we like best. 7. This is the room _ Lao Liu once lived in. 8. Do you still remember the day on _ he joined the army？ 9. The earth， _ we all know,moves around the sun