届最新高三英语总复习全套时态语态专项通关含答案.docx

1、届最新高三英语总复习全套时态语态专项通关含答案1. 使用被动语态的情况1) 不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。The young man was injured in the car accident.这个年轻人在车祸中受伤了。2) 需要强调动作的承受者时。Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.阅览室里的书籍和报纸是不允许被带走的。3) 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.每个人都应该遵守下列规则。4)

2、 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。The windows were broken by strong wind.窗户被大风刮坏了。5) 有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。I am determined to take medicine.我决定要服药。2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化1) 最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的谓语变为“be及物动词的过去分词”形式，主动句中的主语变为by结构，有时可省略。We will discuss the plan tomorrow. 我们明天讨论这个计划。The plan will be discussed tomorrow(by

3、 us). 这个计划明天讨论。2) 谓语动词有两个宾语，变成被动语态时，通常将指人的间接宾语转化成主语，有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。The mother gave the child some money.The child was given some money (by the mother).或Some money was given to the child(by the mother). 注意用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们颁给他了

4、诺贝尔奖。The Nobel Prize was awarded to him. 诺贝尔奖颁给了他。3) 谓语动词后跟复合宾语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语不变，但相应成为主语补足语。 They painted the house white. 他们把房子刷成白色的。The house was painted white(by them). 房子被刷成了白色的。4) 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，谓语动词改为be done结构，宾语从句保持不变。They said that he had gone abroad to study Englis

5、h. 他们说他去国外学英语了。It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他去国外学英语了。3. 没有被动语态的动词不及物动词，一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词，以及have, get, owe, belong to, cost等动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。This hall can hold 500 people.这个大厅可以容纳500人。The house belongs to my uncle.这座房子是我叔叔的。His careless driving cost him his life.他的粗心让他丧了命。主动变被动

6、时需注意1. 主动语态中若宾语补足语是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。即被动语态中无不定式省to的情况。此类动词为感官动词 feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch。The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师让我从教室里出去了。I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 我被（老师）从教室里请出去了。We saw him play football on

7、 the playground. 我们看见他在操场上踢足球。He was seen to play football on the playground. 有人看到他在操场踢足球。2. 情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。The classroom must be cleaned every day.教室必须每天打扫。短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 奶奶将照顾我妹妹。Such a thing has never been heard of before.这样的事情之前没有

8、听说过。表示据说或相信的词组It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that 众所周知It is thought that 大家认为It is suggested that 据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.据说她周二去武汉。Its taken granted that the children sh

9、ould take care of their old parents.子女照顾年老的父母，这是理所当然的事情。主动形式表示被动意义 1. wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well. 这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2. blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build.I was to blame for the accident. 我应该为这起事故负

10、责。Much work remains. 还有很多工作没做。3. 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式(但表被动含义)。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门需要修理。This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finish

11、ed, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married.He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb.或get married to sb.都可。He married a rich girl. 他娶了个有钱的女人。He got married to a rich girl. 他娶了个有钱的女人。常见考法1. 被动语态的各种时态；2. 主动表被动。 误区提醒1. 不能灵活、正确运用被动语态的各种时态；2. 主动表被动的情况不熟悉。小试牛刀1. T

12、he teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies _ gravity.A. is called B. called C. was called D. are called2. The library needs _, but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned【答案及解析】1. 过去将来时的定义 过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。He said he

13、would come here the next Friday. 他说他下周五会来这里。I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道我们有麻烦时他会帮助我们。2. 过去将来时的时间状语1) at six the next morning/afternoon/night, the next day/Friday/week/month等2) the followingday/week/month /year等3) two days/three weeks/four years later等4)after 10 oclock, a

14、fter 10 oclock in the morning等5) when, after引导的时间状语从句。When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.当你向雷锋求助时，他绝对不会拒绝你。3. 过去将来时的结构1) 由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成，should主要用于主语是第一人称时，would可用于各种人称。He said he would come to see me.他说他会来看望我。She told us that she would try her best to catch up with

15、other classmates thatterm.她告诉我们那个学期她将尽她最大努力赶上班里其他同学。Iknewyouwouldagree.我就知道你会同意。The doctor said Jack would be all right in a few days.医生说Jack几天内就会痊愈。2) “was/were+goingto+动词原形”，常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。No one knew when he was going to come.没人知道他什么时候来。 They said that they were going to be sent to meet her a

16、t the railway station.他们说他们将被送到火车站去接她。He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.他告诉我们他将参加会议。 误区提醒此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。It seemed as if it was going to rain.似乎要下雨。3) come, go, leave, arrive, start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车次日早上六点发车。She t

17、old me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她将来看望我。We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon.通知说领导们马上就会到我们学校。4) 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。I didnt know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候会来，但是她来的时候我会让你知道。The teacher said that it would be very diffic

18、ult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习，很难有进步。5) was/were to+动词原形。The building was to be completed the next month.这栋建筑将于下个月完工。Li Lei was to arrive soon.李磊马上到达。6) was/were about to+动词原形。He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.他正打算吃午饭，这时门铃响了。4. 过去将来时的用法1) 过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。He

19、 said he would stay with us.他说他将跟我们待在一起。2) 过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。If I were you, I would not do that.如果我是你，我不会那么做。3) was/were going to+动词原形；was/were to+动词原形；was/were about to+动词原形等结构都可表达一种即将实现的意图或打算。The conference was going to be held the next month.会议将于下个月召开。We were to have our class at eight.我们8点开始上课。I was

20、 about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in.吴东进来时，我正打算告诉他这个消息。常见考法1. 宾语从句中的过去将来时；2. 过去进行时表过去将来时；3. was/were+不定式表将来；4. was/were about to的用法。 误区提醒1. 和一般将来时弄混；2. 过去进行表过去将来的动词记不清；3. was/were about to do用法不熟悉。小试牛刀1.Li Ming said he _ happy if Brian _ to China next month.A. was; come B. was; would come

21、 C. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _ her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend3. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming4. She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is g

22、oing B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go【答案及解析】4. C【解析】be about to do when为固定搭配，表示“当某人即将做某事时某事发生了”。此题中表示“她正要去上班时电话铃响了”。正确答案为C。1. 定义 过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。2. 构成：was/were +doing3. 过去进行时的基本句型肯定式：I was working. He/She/it was working. We were working.疑问式：Were you working? Was he/she/it work

23、ing? Were we working?否定式：I was not working. He/she/it was not working. We were not working.4. 过去进行时的基本用法 1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用。I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的现在这个时间我正在做作业。They were expecting you yesterday. 昨天他们一直在等你。2) 过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minu

24、tes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。 Soon the whole town was talking about it. 很快这件事情就在全城讨论开了。3) 过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。Have you finished your homework, Mary? Mary，你做完作业了吗？No, I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. 没有，昨天一整天我都在厨房帮助我的妈妈。4) 过去进行时可用来为一个后一系列动作的发生提供背景。I hurt my leg when

25、 I was riding a bike. 我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。5) 过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it. 今天早上一在给他写信，完全忘记这件事了。He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本打算看表演，可是他太忙了。5. 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 1) 一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的

26、时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。I was sixteen years old last year. 我去年16岁。He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一个工厂里工作。I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 我前天在大街上碰到了她。He often swam in the river when he was young. 他年

27、轻的时候经常在这条河里游泳。2) 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有：at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句。What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? 昨天七点你在做什么？I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a

28、 radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到Mary是在三年前。她那时在一个收音机商店上班。I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。3) 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你跟你的老师说话时，我看到你了。 误区提醒有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。She wrote a letter to her friend last night.（信

29、写完了）She was writing a letter to her friend last night.（信不一定写完）6. 过去进行时的时间状语1) when和while引导的状语从句中，强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态，while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态。When/While we were having supper, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭时，停电了。2) when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。I was walking in t

30、he street when someone called me. 我正在街上走的时候，有人叫住了我。7. 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时1) 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 那周Tom每天6点起床。2) 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。John was always coming to school late. John上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是乐于助人。3) 用来描写故事发生的情景时。It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river. 漆黑的夜晚，狂风大作，大雨滂沱，一位中国人民解放军突然出现在河畔，他想渡河。4) when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。 I was tak