高中英语必修5课文逐句翻译人教版.docx

1、高中英语必修5课文逐句翻译人教版必修五Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰xx击败“霍乱xx” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰xx是xx一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料xx女xx的私人医生。But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people ex

2、posed to cholera.但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。This was the deadly disease of its day.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。John Snow wanted to face the challeng

3、e and solve this problem.约翰xx想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the ai

4、r. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affe

5、cted person died.病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在_年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。As the disease spread quickly through poor neigh

6、bourhoods, he began to gather information.当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰斯诺就开始收集资料。In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。He was determined to find out why.他决心要查明其原因。First he marked on a map the exact places wher

7、e all the dead people had lived.首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街6、7、8、40号）。He also noticed that some houses

8、 (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号）却无人死亡。He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.他以前没预料到这种情况，所以他决定深入调查。He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，They h

9、ad been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirt

10、y water from London.他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。He had shown that cholera was spread by germ

11、s and not in a cloud of gas.他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much tha

12、t she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个特别的证据，约翰斯诺就能

13、够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。必修五Unit 1 COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY哥白尼的革命性理论Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.尼古拉哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system

14、.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such

15、 an idea.他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky

16、seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.如果地球是太阳系的中心

17、，而所有行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends._年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth

18、.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him

19、 to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到_年临终之前才公布了这一观点。Certainly he was right to be careful.当然，他小心谨慎是对的。The Christian Church rejected his

20、theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which sai

21、d things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe.他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Eins

22、tein and Stephen Hawking.如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克牛顿、阿尔伯特爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。必修五Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之谜People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。You can clarify t

23、his question if you study British history.但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands a

24、nd the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。Although, nationwide, these citie

25、s are not as large as those in , they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。For historical archit

26、ecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans.要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。There you will find out more about British history and culture.在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildin

27、gs.最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。It is the centre of national government and its administration.它是全国的政治中心。It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in

28、 1066.它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元_年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。There have been four sets of invaders of England.曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.最早的入侵者是古罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.接

29、着是盎格鲁撒克逊人，留下了他们的语言和政体。The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇和北部的地名造成了一定影响；第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和新的食物名称的词语。If you look around the British countryside you will find

30、 evidence of all these invaders.如果你到英国乡间去看看，你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the enjoyable and worthwhile. 如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义，你就必须留心观察。There followed St Pauls Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是公元_年伦敦大火以后建造的，It l

31、ooked splendid when first built!刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting.伦敦威斯敏斯特大教堂也是很有意思的地方，It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare.里面珍藏着一些已故诗人和作家的雕像，例如莎士比亚的雕像。Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the cl

32、ock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour.正当萍玉从大教堂往外走的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟在整点敲响的钟声。She finished the day by looking at the outside of , the Queens house in London.她参观了女王伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and

33、 famous clock that sets the world time.第二天，萍玉姑娘参观了格林尼治天文台，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为世界定时的时钟。What interested her most was the longitude line.她最感兴趣的是那条通过天文台的经线。It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation.这是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东西两半球，从而有利于航海。It passes through Greenwich,