VDA238100中英对照版.docx

1、VDA238100中英对照版1 目的1 Purpose此测试规范描述了如何执行板材弯曲测试和确定弯曲角度。弯曲测试用于得出金属材料在弯曲变形为主导的加工过程（例如折弯操作）中，或者在冲击载荷作用下，有关成型过程和失效敏感性的一些结论。This test specification describes how to perform the plate bending test and how to determine the bending angle. The tests are intended to draw conclusions about the forming behavior a

2、nd the susceptibility to failure of metallic materials during forming processes with dominant bending portions (e.g. hemming operations) or during crash loads.2 适用范围2 Scope本试验规范适用于改良对金属材料样品进行的弯曲试验，例如高强度钢，铝合金或镁合金。This test specification applies to the modified plate bending test on metallic specimens

3、 like high-strength steel, aluminum- or magnesium-alloys. 3 缩略语3 Abbreviations F 试验力，单位为N S 下压距离，单位为mm D 支辊直径，单位为mm L 支辊距离，单位为mm R 支辊半径，单位为mm a 样品厚度，单位为mm b 样品宽度，单位为mm l 样品长度，单位为mm r 冲头半径，单位为mm 弯曲角度，单位为 Rm 抗拉强度，单位为MPa F Punch force in N S Punch displacement in mm D Roller diameter in mm L Roller dis

4、tance in mm R Roller radius in mm a Sample thickness in mm b Sample width in mm l Sample length in mm r Punch radius in mm Bending angle in Rm Tensile strength in MPa4 测试设备4 Test Equipment 配备弯曲装置的万能试验机配备低摩擦安装的支辊的弯曲装置（图1）弯曲冲头（图2）角度测量装置Universal testing machine with support for the bending deviceBendi

5、ng device with low-friction mounted roller supports (Figure 1)Bending punch (Figure 2)Angle measuring device5 样品5 Samples5.1 试样制备5.1 Sample Preparation5.1.1 常规制备5.1.1 General Preparation平板试样的尺寸应该为60mm60mm。如果所需的试样尺寸无法实现，在客户事先允许的情况下，试样宽度可以减小。为了最小化试样边缘区域三角应力状态的影响，目前宽度必须超过样品厚度。最佳情况是试样宽度b20 * 样品厚度a。测试机构和

6、客户之间可以通过递交相关规范或者类似的文件，就试样最小宽度可以达成一致。可能存在的防腐蚀油层或其他涂层必须从试样表面去除。在弯曲测试过程中，测试的值仅应在裂纹源不在边缘范围形成的情况下被使用。这点必须从材料上保证，通过使用轧齿边，研磨或去毛刺的方法，对边缘进行再加工。The dimensions of the plain specimens shall be 60 mm x 60 mm. The specimen width can be reduced after prior approval by the customer, if the required specimen dimensi

7、ons cannot be realized. In order to minimize the influence of the three-axes stress condition in the area of the edges the specimen width must exceed the sample thickness by far. Preferably the specimen width should be b20*sample thickness a. A minimum width can be agreed between the testing institu

8、te and the customer by means of delivery specifications or the like. Probably existing corrosion protection oils or drawing aids must be removed from the specimen surface.The measured values shall be used only if the crack formation during the bending test is not initiated within the edges. This mus

9、t be ensured, in dependence of the material, by reworking the edges by means of milling, grinding or deburring. 5.1.2 制备用于测定弯曲性和折叠性的样品5.1.2 Preparation of samples for the determination of bendability and foldability当以供应状态进行测试时，具有高成形潜力的材料（例如身体外部皮肤的特性）可以在弯曲测试中弯曲几乎180而不失效。这些材料可以在弯曲试验之前单轴预应变，以便更好地表征弯曲性和

10、抗折强度。测试使用了长度为250mm，宽度为70mm的片状金属带材进行试验，每个样品根据主（弯曲）应变方向从产品中取出。因此，预应变垂直于弯曲线的取向施加。预应变参数取自表1。预应变和弯曲之间的不同应变方向必须排除。可以从预应后的片状金属带材的中心区域取出尺寸为60 mm x 60 mm的两个弯曲试样。假定试样内的应变均匀分布。如果不能实现上述试样尺寸，可能产生误差。这必须与客户达成一致。When tested in the as-supplied condition materials with high forming potential (e.g. body exterior skin

11、qualities) can be bent in the bending test by almost 180 without failure. These materials may be pre-strained uniaxially before the bending test in order to achieve a better characterization of the bendability and hemmability. The test is performed on sheet metal strips with a length of 250 mm and a

12、 width of 70 mm, each taken from the product according to the later main (bending) strain direction. Thus, the pre-strain is applied vertically to the orientation of the bending line. The pre-strain parameters are to be taken from Table 1. Different strain directions between pre-strain and bending m

13、ust be excluded. Two bending specimens with dimensions 60 mm x 60 mm can be taken from the center area of the pre-strained sheet metal strip. A homogeneous strain distribution within the specimens is assumed. If above specimen dimension cannot be realized a deviation is possible. This must be agreed

14、 with the customer however. 参数 / Parameter值/ Value样品尺寸 (长度 x 宽度) Sample size (length x width)250mm x 70mm预应变/ Prestraining: Al-板材 / Al-sheet Al-挤压型材 / Al extrusion profil 钢板 / steel sheet (Rm 580 MPa) 钢板 / steel sheet (Rm 580 MPa)10% 5%15% 5%预应变速率 Prestraining rate25mm/min夹子之间的自由长度 Free length betwe

15、en clamps150mm表1: 预应变参数Table 1: Prestraining parameters从预应变带材中取样的过程与上述方法相同。如果组件几何形状要求，可能会偏离预应变方向。The process for taking samples from the pre-strained stripe is the same as already described above. If the component geometry requires so, a deviation from the pre-straining direction is possible. 5.2 样品

16、名称5.2 Sample designation为了清楚地分配一个测试样本名称/条件，采样必须符合下述规范（特性）。 特性要用下划线（“_”）分隔。如果确保了所需的清楚和明确的分配，则允许根据测试机构的内部指南进行样品命名。 如果使用了内部命名条例，则必须对其进行记录并将其提供给客户。除了测试结果和评估方法外，每个测试系列必须记录以下编号1至10的特征。In order to clearly allocate a test to a sample designation / condition, sample taking must comply with the specifications

17、 (characteristics) described below. Characteristics are to be separated by underscore (_“). Sample designations according to internal guidelines of the testing institutes are permitted if the required clear and unambiguous allocation is ensured. If internal naming conventions are used these must be

18、documented and made available to the customer. .In addition to the testing results and the evaluation method the following characteristics 1 to 10 have to be documented for each test series.1. 名称: 测试 B = 弯曲测试2. 名称: 材料(标准命名, 对于非标准化材料，必须使用商业化命名)3. 名称: 表面状态 U = 无涂层 Z = 热浸镀锌 ZE = 电镀锌 ZF = 热镀锌 AS = 镀铝 AB

19、 = 其他涂层4. 名称: 预应变方向 L = 择优取向(轧制或挤压方向)的纵向, Q =择优取向(轧制或挤压方向)的横向, D =择优取向(轧制或挤压方向)的对角线方向, 0 = 无预应变5. 名称: 预应变百分比 (无尺寸)6. 名称: 测试方向 L, Q, D (相对于择优取向)7. 名称: 热处理 O = 无热处理 W1 = 热处理后 (170C/20min) W2 = 热处理后 (175C/15min) Wx = 热处理后，与客户达成协议8. 名称:测试温度 (单位为K) 233, 296, 3739. 名称: 冲头半径 (作为小数位) 10. 名称: 平行测试的次数 a, b, c

20、, .1. Designation: Testing B = Bending test2. Designation: Material (standard designation, for non standardised materials the commercial designation has to be used)3. Designation: Surface condition U = no coating Z = hot dip galvanised ZE = electrogalvanized ZF = galvannealed AS = aluminised AB = ot

21、her coating4. Designation: Direction of pre-strain L = longitudinal to preferential direction (rolling- or extrusion direction), Q = transversal to preferential direction (rolling- or extrusion direction), D = diagonal to preferential direction (rolling- or extrusion direction), 0 = without pre-stra

22、ining5. Designation: Pre-strain in percent (without dimension)6. Designation: Testing direction L, Q, D (relative to preferential direction)7. Designation: Heat treatment O = without heat treatment W1 = heat treated (170C/20min) W2 = heat treated (175C/15min) Wx = heat treated, in agreement with the

23、 customer8. Designation: Test temperature (in Kelvin) 233, 296, 3739. Designation: Punch radius (as decimal place)10. Designation: Number of the parallel test a, b, c, .举例:对等级为HC340X + ZE的钢进行了弯曲试验。在与轧制方向平行的方向对该材料施加5的预应变，在轧制方向的横向进行测试，不进行热处理; 使用半径为0.2mm的弯曲冲头，在296K（室温）下进行试验。这是第三次平行测试。Example: A bending

24、 test with steel grade HC340X+ZE has been performed. The material was pre-strained by 5% parallel to the rolling direction, was tested transversal to the rolling direction and was not heat treated; the test was performed at 296K (room temperature) using a bending punch with a punch radius of 0,2mm.

25、It was the third parallel test.B_HC340X_ZE_L_5_Q_O_296_2_c.txt注解: 文件名中的简称必须符合最新标准。 数据头中的简称（见附录D）未更新。样品必须用彩色笔做字母刻字，因此刻字不能导致应力区域的缺口。如果确保了所需的清楚和明确的分配，则允许根据测试机构的内部指南进行样品命名。如果知道择优取向（轧制或挤压方向），必须在每个样品上使用标记（毛毡）笔指出（见图3）。 如果样品显示预成型，永久伸长或弹性恢复，则必须单独记录，并在分析测试结果时考虑。Annotation: The short name in the file name must

26、 be adapted to the latest standard. The short name in the data header (see Appendix D) is not updated. The samples must be lettered by means of a colored pen whereby the lettering must not act as a notch in the stressed zone. Sample designations according to internal guidelines of the testing instit

27、utes are permitted if the required clear and unambiguous allocation is ensured.If known, the preferential direction (rolling or extrusion direction) must be indicated on each sample using a marker (felt) pen (see Figure 3). If the samples exhibit pre-forming, permanent elongation or elastic recovery

28、 this must be documented separately and be considered in the analysis of the test results. 6 测试条件6 Test conditions6.1 测试次数6.1 Number of tests必须进行三（3）次轧制或挤压方向的有效试验。 如果测试结果与确定的弯曲角度相差超过5，则必须进行两次附加的测试。 如果无法实现上述样品的数量，样品体积可以降低。 这必须与客户达成一致。如果需要更高精度的平均值，样本数可能超过5。这可以通过置信区间估计（95概率，参考ISO 2602）。Three (3) valid

29、tests per rolling or extrusion direction must be performed. If the test results deviate by more than 5% related to the determined bending angle 2 additional tests must be performed. If above number of samples cannot be realized the sample volume may be reduced. This must be agreed with the customer

30、however. If a higher precision of the mean value is required the number of samples may exceed 5. This can be estimated by means of the confidence interval (95% probability, refer to ISO 2602).6.2 制备6.2 Preparation弯曲装置必须固定在拉力试验机中，使得辊子在弯曲冲头下方中心并且平行地布置。The bending device must be positioned in the tensi

31、le test machine such that the rollers are arranged centrally and in parallel under the bending punch. F: 试验力，N / punch force in NS: 下压距离，mm / punch displacement in mmD: 支辊直径，mm / roller diameter in mmL: 支辊距离，mm / roller distance in mml: 样品长度，mm / sample length in mma: 样品厚度，mm / sample thickness in mmb: 样品宽度，mm / sample width in mmr: 冲头半径，mm / punch radius in mm : 弯曲角度， / bending angle in 图 1: 弯曲装置示意图Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the bending device弯曲冲头刀片的半径，厚度和深度必须符合图2中的图示（用感叹号表示）。 此外，弯曲冲头必须设计成在测试时样品仅与冲头半径接触。 其他指示的尺寸用作定位。Radiu