考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记二.docx

1、考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记二考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(二) TEXT 3 During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spo

2、use can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have

3、looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary

4、earner got laid off or fell sick. This added worker effect could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise stay at home p

5、artner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that

6、 they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any

7、 better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Eve

8、n demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far les

9、s like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. . s double incom

10、e families are at greater financial risk in thatToday31. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappearedA. their chances of being laid off have greatly increasedB. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economicsC. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insuranceD. s reform, retire

11、d people may haveAs a result of President Bush32. a higher sense of securityA. less secured paymentsB. less chance to investC. a guaranteed futureD. According to the author, health savings plans will33. help reduce the cost of healthcareA. popularize among the middle classB. compensate for the reduc

12、ed pensionsC. investment risk increase the familiesD. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that34. financial risks tend to outweigh political risksA. the middle class may face greater political challengesB. financial problems may bring about political problemsC. financial responsibility is an

13、indicator of political statusD. Which of the following is the best title for this text?35. The Middle Class on the AlertA. The Middle Class on the CliffB. The Middle Class in ConflictC. The Middle Class in RuinsDabsolute 2 a.绝对的，完全的 absorb 3 v.吸收；吸引，使专心 account 22 n.账(目，户)；叙述，说明；价值，地位；v.(for)说明，解释；占

14、；(take into)考虑；顾及 airline 1 n.航线；航空公司 alert 1 a.警惕的；机灵的 assistance 2 n.帮助，援助 attendant 1 n.服务员，值班员；护理人员 author 69 n.作者；创始人 auto 2 n.汽车 being 9 n.生物，人；存在，生存 budget 4 n.预算；v.做预算 campaign 4 n.战役；运动；vi.从事活动 challenge 10 n.挑战(书)；艰巨任务，难题；v.向.挑战 cliff 1 n.悬崖，峭壁 compensate 5 v.(for)补偿，赔偿 conflict 3 n.战斗，斗争；

15、抵触，冲突；v.(with)抵触，冲突 critic 7 n.批评家，评论家 debate 8 v./n.争论，辩论 depend 16 v.(on)取决于，依靠，信赖，相信 deprive 2 v.夺去，使丧失 不见，消失disappear 4 v.dose 2 n.剂量，一服，一剂；v.(给.)服药 economic 23 a.经济(上)的，经济学的 economics 5 n.经济学；经济情况 elderly 1 a.过了中年的，稍老的 employee 7 n.雇工，雇员 fair 9 a.公平的，合理的；相当的，尚好的；晴朗的；金发的；n.集市，交易会，博览会 fashionable

16、 2 a.流行的，时髦的 fell 1 v.砍倒，砍伐 financial 11 a.财政的，金融的 guarantee 5 n.保证，保证书；v.保证，担保 harsh 3 a.粗糙的，刺耳的；残酷的，严厉的 implication 6 n.含意，暗示 infer 21 v.推论，推断 insurance 6 n.保险，保险费，保险业 invest 4 v.投资 investment 11 n.投资，投资额 model 8 n.样式，型；模范，典型；模型；原型，模特；v.(on, after)模仿，构造 odds 1 n.不平等，差异；机会 opportunity 11 n.机会 parac

17、hute 1 n.降落伞；v.跳伞 paragraph 66 n.段，节；小新闻，短评 partner 3 n.合作者，合伙人；伙伴，舞伴 payment 5 n.支付，付款额 pension 2 n.养老金，年金 perspective 3 n.视角；透视法；(in)正确地 physical 7 a.物质的，有形的；肉体的，身体的；自然科学的，物理的 primary 7 a.最初的，初级的；首要的，主要的，基本的 rate 31 n.比率，率；等级；价格，费用；v.估价；评级，评价 reality 10 n.现实，实际；真实 reform 8 v./n.改革，改造，改良 responsibi

18、lity 7 n.责任，责任心；职责，任务 result 37 n.结果，成果，成绩；v.(in)导致，结果是；(from)起因于，因.而造成 retire 2 v.退休，引退；退却，撤退；就寝 risk 14 v.冒.的危险；n.风险，危险 saving 3 n.储蓄；pl.储蓄金，存款 scholar 5 n.学者 secure 4 a.(from, against)安全的，可靠的，放心的；v.得到，获得；防护，保卫 security 8 n.安全 sense 16 n.感官，官能；感觉；判断力；见识；意义，意思；v.感觉到，意识到 setback 3 n.退步，后退 shift 12 v

19、.替换，转移；移动；n.转换，转变；(轮)班，(换)班 shoulder 2 n.肩，肩部；v.肩负，承担 slip 3 v.滑，滑倒；滑落，滑掉；溜走；n.疏忽，小错，口误，笔误 社交活动n.社会的；社交的，交际的；social 38 a. 赞助发起，主办；v.(配偶指夫或妻)保证人，主办人；vt.spouse 1 n. 地位，身份；情形，状况status 5 n. 储存备料，库存，现货；股票，公债；无生命之物；群，家庭，家系；v.stock 9 n. 条纹stripe 1 n. 趋向，往往是；照料，看护tend 26 v. 书名，标题；头衔，称号title 6 n. 改变，变换；变压；转化

20、；改造transform 5 v. 失业，失业人数unemployment 4 n. .的攻击vulnerable 3 a.易受攻击的，易受 acceleration 2 n.加速度 according 47 ad.依照，根据 deductible 1 a.可扣除的 demographic 1 a.人口统计学的 diagnosis 1 n.诊断 disability 2 n.无能力，无资格 disruption 1 n.中断，分裂，瓦解，破坏 ad.八倍地，八层地eightfold 1 a.八倍的，八层的； fallout 1 n.降落，滑落 财政上，金融上financially 2 ad.

21、波动，起伏fluctuation 1 n. 卫生保健healthcare 2 n. 指示器indicator 4 n. 立法机关legislative 2 a.立法的，立法机关的；n. 长寿比.outlive 2 vt. 超过outweigh 1 v. 不堪重负overburden 1 vt. 薪水paycheck 1 n. policymaker 1 n.决策人 popularize 1 v.普及 solidly 1 ad.坚硬地，稳固地 steelworker 1 n.钢铁工人 understandably 1 ad.可理解地 大规模的(喻)wholesale 1 n.批发，趸售；a.批发

22、的， 1难句During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. the American middle本句主干结构为：class family. has been transformed by., 语法分析family; family后面是一个定语从

23、句修饰; 主要是其中定语从句比较复杂整句较长,本句难点; 就可以把握本句了,方法对策首先找出主句的主干,然后再分析从句结构在过去一代人中，美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济危机和新的现实所改变。过去他们曾例句精译 经还能指望依靠艰苦工作和公平竞争来使自己在经济生活中获得安全保障。 2难句 As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the pri

24、mary earner got laid off or fell sick. 破折号后面是一个同,本句主干为:. they have lost the parachute.,其后是一个定语从句语法分析; 其中又包含一个定语从句位语从句,; 需要仔细分析句子结构比较复杂,本句难点; 本句就不再难了然后再依次分析其他从句,方法对策首先分析出主句的主干或者说是一个后- 他们失去一个他们过去在财政困难时可以依赖的保险伞 例句精译其结果是， ：因为她可以出来参加工作，如果主要的挣钱者下了岗或生了病。通常指妻子)备的挣钱者( 3难句Steelworkers, airline employees, and

25、now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. 后面是一个Steelworks,. are joining millions of families., families本句的主干结构为：语法分析宾语是三个并列短语，其后谓语是worry about,引导的定

26、语从句。定语从句中，主语是whowho, the harsh reality。是that引导的定语从句修饰; 从句中结构稍复杂本句难点; ,然后再分析其他成分即可方法对策只要抓住句子主干就可以掌握大意钢铁工人、空勤人员以及汽车工业的工作者都与数百万家庭一样，他们都在担心着银例句精译 行的存款利息变化、股票市场的波动、以及他们的退休金可能不够使用这一残酷现实。 难句4Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health s

27、avings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. both. 形成的both和第一个and语法分析本句是由第二个and连接的两个并列句组成，句首的结构，其spread from. to.结构是第一个分句的主干；第二个and后是第二个分句，包含：and.newly fashionable healthsav

28、ings plans的内容； 后with引导的成分说明本句难点整句比较长,且有两个and容易让考生迷惑; 方法对策首先抓住第二个and这个连接词,明白这是两个并列分句,然后确定两个分句各自的主干,即可理解本句内容。 例句精译医疗保健费用的绝对数目和各个家庭所分担的数目也都在上升，而一种新近流行起来的医疗费用节约计划也正在从上层立法大厅到底层沃尔玛的工人之间广泛铺开，这对千家万户未来的医疗保健意味着更大的风险。 难句5 From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less li

29、ke an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. 语法分析本句的主干结构是：. much of this looks. like. an opportunity. and. a frightening acceleration.; 本句难点整句比较长,句

30、子结构复杂; 方法对策通读全句,抓住主句主干,然后再分析其他成分; 例句精译从中产阶级家庭的角度出发，可以理解的是，这与其说是一个承担更多经济责任的机会，倒还不如说更像把经济危险的整个转变以惊人的速度加在他们早已不堪重负的双肩上。 C 答案31. 今日解析本文提到了美国中产阶级家庭，因国家经济衰落而要面临的巨大风险。本题目问：我们从前两段中可以看出：由于这种夫妻双收入家庭会面临更大的财务风险是因为什么原因？同时万一丈夫生了原来妻子在家里操持家务，经济原因现在的夫妻双方都要出去找工作。这样， 。病或者失业了也可以出去找工作以帮助家庭渡过难关的这把保险伞就没有了。所以选CB 答案32.众所周知，钱

31、存在银行比较保险可以稳定拿利息，但是把钱投入股市或者用于创业风险要解析布什总统一直致力于将社会在去年的大多数时间里，大很多，但一旦获益也比存银行要强很多。要求退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必- 保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式 医疗的绝对费用和家庭情况也好不到哪去。须依靠投资收益的收入。对于略为年轻的家庭来说， 为正确选项。必须承担的份额都在上升。这说明，退休人员的可靠收入可能更少。因此B.D 答案33.因此，本题应在末段前的从末段中可以看出：？本题仍应从第三段中找，因为34题问解析health这一段内，本段提到了：saving plan are. of investment risk for families future healthcare.据此，我们判断可以选D。选项A、C原文均未提及。至于B (医疗费用节约计划将在)中产阶级中间得以推广与原文不符。原文谈到：医疗费用节约计划正在从上层立法院大厅到底层沃尔玛超市的员工之间广泛的铺开。 34.答案C 解析本题问从末段可以看出什么？我们仅从末段末句的总结中可看出作者想说的是：(美国)经济滑落已经开始了