英语结构与阅读.docx

1、英语结构与阅读英语结构分析与阅读 英语结构分析：英语句子结构分析和文章结构分析 教学目标 掌握英语由浅入深的句子结构变化特点，提升分析复杂语句的能力，达到透彻理解文意的目的。 教学内容 英语基本句式 复杂句式 阅读文章事例 教学重点 各种句式基本规律和特殊性 教学难点 掌握句式之间的转换规律 如何学以致用 教学时间 英语句子结构分析 10课时第一课时句法结构1.基本句型【例句学习】(1)主+谓+宾 She smiled her thanks.Every trade has its rules.(2)主+谓+宾+补 He husband made her happy.I find him to

2、be an honest man.(3)主+谓+宾+状+补Her husband made her happy.I find him to be an honest man.(4)主谓一致There are a great many angles to this matter.There is no environmental damage.Mary and Jane went to the theatre with a friend of theirs.(5)宾语的形式I think it wrong to waste the resource.I hate troubling you.Do

3、 you know how to get there?(6)主句与从句Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.Five years went by before he knew.(7)独立片语This done, he left the office.To tell the truth, I dont believe it at all.2.简单句【例句学习】(1) 陈述句 Little by little his savings accumulated.Thomas Edison was bor

4、n in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847.（2）疑问句Did you decide to humor her?Has she got a big flat?Is there anything wrong with the truck?What can I do for you?Shall we have a swim with your friends?Nothing can stop us now, cant it?Is your father a lawyer or a doctor?(2) 祈使句Take care of your belongings

5、.Please write at your early convenience.Do things the best way for the job.Never neglect to take care of your health.（4）感叹句What a pretty bird!Look out! Be careful where you put your feet.第二课时并列句 复合句一、并列句1. 常用的并列连词（1）and, but, or, for, so, while, whenNot onlybut also, neithernor(3) bothand, as well a

6、s, either or.注意a.各并列连词的意义，b.用法特点和结构特点Im ashamed that I couldnt work out the problem, my classmate Tom could.A. and B. while C. since D. why二、定语从句主语+定语丛句+谓动+宾语（宾语从句）主语，定从，+谓动+宾语，（定从）.1The only thing he felt proud was his voice.A. that B. which C. of which D.不填2She said she would move to the south, th

7、e weather was more agreeable to her.A. which B. where C. when D. as三、状语从句状从句、主语+谓动+主语+谓动+，状从句主语+谓动，状从，+宾四、名词性从句（主从、宾从、同位从、表从）注意：1.各从句的结构特点2.各个从句引导词的意义，用法，及之间的联体系和区别3.复合句与并列句之间的连系和区别4.复合句与简单句的联系句式之间的转换eg. It is said that sb.+ do + sth =sb . is said to do sth.Because he didnt know English well, he fai

8、led to talk with the foreigners.Not knowing English well, he failed toShe heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.She heard a terrible noise, and it brought her heart into her month.特殊的句式1.祈使句 （1）祈使句的特点祈使句，and+陈述句 if，主句 Doing,全句 adj + adj2.感叹句 What+ a+ adj .+ n. How + adv. +主语

9、+其它 adj.+ u. adj. +a + n肯定陈述句，否定助词+ pron?否定陈述句，肯定助词+ pron?3.反疑疑问句答语特点that who4.倒装句：全部和部分5.强调句式It is / was +强调部分+ +If possible, I will go there with you. 6.省略句式I wont go there unless invited, too. to do sth7.主语+thank/find/make/feel/consider + it+宾补+ that Doing8so+助词+主语 s+主语+助词练习题1.Do you remember on

10、a picnic? A. when it was that we went B. when did we goC. the time when did we go D. when was it that we went2.They have built a strong dam(坝) along the river, a flood comes, the fields and houses can be kept safe. A. when B. in order that C. if D. so that when3. Millions of people smoke in the worl

11、d_ _smoking _great harm to their health. A .if; does B. because; do C. unless; will do D. though; does4.No one but Tom and Mike has a pocket dictionary,_? A doesnt he B. have they C. do they D. does it5.You may telephone me or write to me. _ will do. A. Either B. Neither C.One of them D. Whichever第三

12、课时名词性从句复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立，根据从句在句子中的作用（成分）可分名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。His words made her mother happy. what he said made , her mot, her happy . I think his words right. I think that what he said is right. who will go there.The question is very difficult.The bus which/that has just left i

13、s for Jinan.They set out early so that they might arrive on time. I told Mother, Father, sister and all my friends here that a great time I had.(what)分析 I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.(that)People do not know each other often become friends after they have played togethe

14、r.注意：架起主句与从句桥梁的词 连词that（本身无词义，不充当成分 Whether 不充当成分 （1）与引导条件从句的区别 if 是否 （2）与whether的区别 （3）自身引导名从名特点一、句词性从句称连接词= Who whom whose 连接代词 which(定、主/宾)哪一个 What(主、宾、定)什么 所的 When/where 连接adv. (词义、连接、状语) How / why （连接词自身的特点，限定它们的使用）1_she is a rich woman is known to us all. A. who B. that C. Because D2. whether

15、hell come to the meeting isnt clear.3. China is different from _it used to be. A. that B .what C. whether D. which4. Which team will win the game is unknown.5. He didnt tell _I can study it well. A. how B. what C. where D. when6. Can you tell me _the hospital is. A. where B. how C. that D. whether7.

16、 I dont know when he will be back.二、名词性从句应注意的问题1.语序问题必须使用陈述语序2.that 引导主从、表从、同位语从句一般不省略，但引导两个或两个以上宾从不省. Which 引导名从与what/who的区别3. Which(与定从which区别) What(与定从关系)三、主语从句应注意的问题1.当主句谓动是否定的，主语从句一般不选用无词义的that，而只能选用与否定意义一致的词 whether, what howthat引导宾从不作介词宾语1. 主语从句常用形式it，主要是that引导的主语从句2. 主谓一致四、宾语从句1. 宾语从句的时态应于主句

17、保持对应的关系2. 宾语从句有实补，要用形式it3. 宾从常与sure, happy, glad ,certain, afraid, worried, surprised即be + adj. +that结构五、表语从句 P113页六、同位从句第四课时定语从句一、定语在句中的位置 +定从+v+宾语（名词）+定从主语（名词）， 定从+v+宾语（名词）,定从 Some of the boys whom I invited didnt come. Football, which is a very interest game, is played all over the world. Tem yea

18、rs ago, my mother taught physics in the school that Im visiting. He paid the boy 10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.二、关系词（连接主句与从句的词）who/whom w hose(人、物) 关系代词（定语从中作主语，宾语，定语） that(人、物) 关系词词 Which(物) -引导非限性从句 when 指时间 in + 关代关系词 关系付词（状语） where 指地点 why 原因 wa

19、y 介+关代 （1）结构上的区别 1.关系代词 which与that的区别 非限性定从 （2）先行词上的区别2.先行词为表示时间或地点的名词 用关系代词或关系付词 which（1）We still remember the days when we studied in the In which middle school. when I joined the party (2)I will never forget the day on which we spent together.(3)Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people h

20、ad to use“foreign oil.”(1) This is the factory where I worked two years ago.(2) The house that was built last autumn is our library. 先行词无论为人/物在定从作主语用whose 3Whose 先行词为物、常用of which The boy whose home work had been finished was praised yesterday. A young man from our school, whose name I have forgotten

21、, brought you this book last night. whose windows face south is our office The house the windows of which Thats the magazine whose cover we looked at just now. 那就是我们刚才看了封面的那本杂志1., ;&nb, sp; 当先行词有数词、这定代词或其限定词限制时用of which,of whom(非限性定从)This machine has thousands of parts, each of which has its importa

22、nceChina has a large population, for fifths of which are farmers.There are fifty students in our class, half of whom are girls.注意与并列句子之间的关系5as引导定从1引导限制定从与suchas(象那样的/这样的)the sameas(与同样)The result is not such as we expectedLets discuss only such questions as concern every one of usI have the same ide

23、a as you(do) 位置 可以放在句首（尾）2.引导非限制定从 搭配as is know well 词义/转换which 只放在句末/意义（1）主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之用which来引导非定性定从 He made a long speech, which was unexpected当非限定从句为否定时，常用whichTom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.6定语从句的省略 关系代词whom/that which在限制定从中作宾语句可以省略（非限不省） in which7. way that I

24、 don like the way you speak to him. / （不要关系词）第五六课时状语从句一、状从在句中的位置状语从句，（1）S+V+O,状语从句While he was on holiday he caught a cold.We wont go outing if it rains tomorrow.Since everybody is present, lets begin the meeting.As you are busy, you neednt go with me.二、状语从句的分类及引导词(一)时间状从：（1）when/while/as (2)after,

25、before, once (3)as soon as, hardlywhen ,no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, the moment/minute （4）until/till （5）since (6)every/each time, the fist time, by the time (7)It is+段时 since If was/will be +段+before It was +点时when(二)地点状从：where wherever与名从句和定语从句的区别，I found the pen where I had left it. They went wher

26、ever they could find work,(1)when you read the book, youd better make a mark, where you have any questions.(at the place a where you have any questions.)(三)原因：because, since, as, for, now that(四)条件：if, unless, as/so long as, as far as ,on condition that, in case, once, only if(只要)，if only.(五)让步：alth

27、ough , though ,as, no matter+疑问句，疑问句+ever, whatever how,even if ,even though, eitheror(六)结果:so that, sothat, suchthat, that(七)目的：so that, in order that, that(八)方式：as/just as; as if; though asas, than, the morethe more(九)比较：asas, not Sowhen, while, as(1)when 引导时间状从句，当时，谓动词为非延续动词，强调某时发生的动作，谓动要为延，表示一段时

28、间When he saw the red light, he stopped the car.While/When we were in Beijing, We met every day.(2)While,谓动只能为延续性动词或状态动词，强调一段时态（后接进行时或较长动作）While we were having a party, the lights went out.Dont make a noise while you are in the room.(3)as引导时间状从句强调主从句动作的同时发生，一边一边它也用来说明两途中正在发展或变化的情况，随着 The children are

29、 always singing and dancing as they walk.We do not necessarily grow wiser as we grow older 表示主句和从句坳作发生的先后关系before(until) 表达动作的紧迫性，没来及就/不等就The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.He thought he would be able to lock the door before the animal reached it.I had seen him t

30、hree times before I came here.他认为，在那动物达到门前他能来得及锁上门。I slipped out before the lecture started.不等讲课开始，我就溜出去了。until/ tillS+延续性v+0 until/till 直到为止Work/remain, wait, stay three oclockI remained/here until he arrived.S+ not+非延续性+V + O until/till直到才Start, finish, go, open, come, leaveThe bus doesnt leave until all the seats are taken.The mail(保姆) will not open the door until she knows who knocked.注意：It is/w