机械类文献翻译辅助轮椅的设计.docx

1、机械类文献翻译辅助轮椅的设计辅助轮椅的设计美国专利4519649 摘要:轮椅改良设计使在身体支撑于一个主框架上，可以使坐姿改变而无需使用外部的升降力达到独立的站立姿态。轮椅包括配套驱动轮、辅助轮和机构的支撑，腰部支撑部件和靠背部件彼此形成的主结构。前部的主结构和腰部支撑部件的尖端部分设一个支点，并扩展部件的支撑与支撑腰部支撑的部件，作为支撑点之间的中间点的主要结构和腰部支点支撑部件。依靠推轮椅使用者的力量（身体抬起，使用者通过他或她的上肢的力量）和扩展的力量。1 轮椅的各部件: 1.一个主框架配套驱动轮和辅助轮;身体的支撑框架包括下肢轴互联支撑构件，腰部支撑构件和靠背的构件，该主结构的身体支撑

2、架被作为独立的结构组成，前端部分的腰部支撑构件是身体支撑架轴连接前端部分支点的主体。装有气弹簧的一端，气弹簧的轴连接到主体上，并在其另一端连接轴及其活塞杆腰部支撑部件和架等机构的支撑，扩展和回缩气弹簧的原因，腰部支撑构件旋转支点主体。锁定在可操作的连接，空气为锁定弹簧的气体在任意位置之间的全面伸长和一个完全缩回的位置，以便恢复弹簧在腰部规定的角度范围内任意角度与水平方面的支撑构件其旋转的支点方法，充分伸长，气弹簧相应的座位和站立身体支撑架所述位置，分别表示完全缩回的位置。 2. 其中一个要求1中所示的轮椅，表示锁定方式包括阀门弹簧接收机构，气弹簧的操作杆。安装一个可操作的双节点支撑，操作线进行

3、阀门操作杆表示阀门的连接操作杆，其紧握操作杆，从而允许伸长和收缩的气弹簧，而释放操作杆引起锁定气弹簧，以免伸长或收缩。3.要求1中所示的轮椅，其中腰部支撑构件连接下肢支持构件，通过链接机制。 4.主框架作为3定义轮椅，其中链接机制，腰部支撑的构件，其余构件包括一个平行四边形的4杆的链接。5.作为3定义轮椅，链接机制，腰部支撑的构件，下肢支撑构件包括有一个任意长度的4杆的链接机制。2 说明： 背景 本发明涉及到了轮椅，这使得它可以与一个极其有限的或没有的功能相结合，如截瘫下肢残疾人从坐姿改变他或她的姿势，以独立的姿态，使用其她推力（升残疾人身体由他或她的上肢动作），他或她每天练习，它的动力无需使

4、用任何外部电源。轮椅是一种所需的覆盖范围大幅走相同的议案，并可以作为一种短距离的运输车辆的车辆。因此，轮椅必须有一个全功能作为日常仪器，运动功能。这使得它可以为残疾人开展工作所使用的轮椅。不过，按照的传统轮椅，轮椅的使用者只可以做固定的姿势工作，但能不能做到可以站立的姿势时的工作，因为他或她的手可能不能达到很高的位置。近年来，轮椅使用外接电源（如电机驱动器使用电池作为动力源）为一个独立的机制已经提出了一个轮椅，这使用户可以独立以站姿的姿态下工作。然而，这种轮椅涉及的收费工作和维护复杂的缺点，增加轮椅的重量和轮椅本身有限的多功能性是极其昂贵的。 相关的图纸 FIG. 1是一个侧视图。根据本发明的

5、一个实例中的轮椅; FIG. 2图1的后视图 FIG. 3 是一个透视图显示的状态，其中一个被用来作为一个扩展部件的气弹簧;FIG. 4 是一个图表，显示的座位角度（站立的角度）和应用于座椅和脚踏板的负荷之间的关系3 优选实施的案例：在图1和图2，参考图1代表一个主体，支撑驱动2和第3轮辅助轮。肘支撑4个固定上部的主构件，每边1个。参考5代表身体支撑架肢体较低的支撑部件6，腰部支撑构件7和8靠背构件组成。这些构件是连接相邻部件彼此之间的相对回转的方式。一个脚踏板和着地部件10是固定的低端下肢的支撑构件6。 7腰部支撑构件的尖端是弯曲的并且弓状形式和一个支架11固定弓状部分，其安装前部的主框架由

6、一个支点12 和1。靠背构件8，腰部支撑构件7和下肢支撑构件6连接两个4杆的链接到另一个独立的机构，包括身体支撑架5。在这些链接，靠背8部件和腰部支撑部件7环节是连接A和B的支点12 1 4杆的平行四边形链接，并链接腰部支撑构件7和下肢的支撑构件6是一个4杆的链路连接的部件，6，7和链接C至支点12之间的联合，并可能有一个任意的或可选的长度。这两个链接机制是安装在主体1。一个气弹簧作为一个升缩的部件13中间之间的主体1和腰部支撑构件7收缩的弹簧13支撑，可以提高和支持点作为支点12腰部支撑构件7 。这气弹簧是一种利用高压气体密封在缸14如图压力的一个弹簧。 部件3启动，并在任意位置停止，活塞和

7、气缸内的活塞连接到一杆15。一个气弹簧接收机构16安装到主体1，而15杆装有腰部支撑构件7。操作一个阀门的操作按钮17（以下简称为“锁定按钮”），可以通过远程控制操作杆18安装到手肘支撑成员4。在图纸上，参考数字19代表的操作线20是一个阀门操作杆。当操作杆18启动，阀门操作杆20和17阀门的操作按钮被启动箭头指示的方向和释放锁气弹簧13。握操作杆18时被释放，另一方面，阀操作杆20和17阀门的操作按钮启动以相反的方向锁定，即气弹簧13。在轮椅上，动力依靠推轮椅的用户（推高了用户的上肢身体力量）和反应气弹簧的力量。用户可以通过使用这两种力的独立姿态。的使用方式如下。轮椅上站起来，需要先刹车，膝

8、盖和腰部使用者的身体会被牢牢地固定皮带轮椅。准备完成后，安装操作杆18肘支撑构件4可启动，气弹簧17锁定按钮被压下，以便打开气弹簧锁。在气弹簧的锁被释放的阶段，开始动作。在这种情况下，用户把他或她的手的手肘支撑件4，然后推动机构，以减少他或她的体重经座位15杆气弹簧，这样延伸，使气体反应的座位轮椅开始提升。用户在待机期间，18杆处在一个理想的高度，以消除锁定按钮17的推力和锁定气弹簧。因此，可以固定在那个位置的座位。要返回从站立的姿势到坐姿，首先锁定气弹簧被释放的18杆，并同时抓住肘部支撑件4用户会降低他或她的身体，以能够使引导他她的体重的座位上。在这种情况下，用户的重量，克服了气体反应和杆气

9、弹簧的合力，这样的座位开始缓慢降低。在这种情况下，用户可以固定在所需的位置锁定气弹簧座椅。以上所述，站立时腰部支撑构件的最大角度相对水平面为75度，其角度可以很容易地设置用户所需的任何值。在站立的的靠背部件8角度可始终保持不变，使链接8构件和腰部支撑成员7的平行四边形的4杆的水平。下肢支持成员6部分可以逐步扩展方面的腰部支撑构件按7，以便它可以对应的伸长与他或她的膝关节他或她的膝盖以下的部分用户在伸长的位置行动。这个伸长的实现，因为有一个任意长度的4杆链接腰部支撑部件7和下肢的支撑构件6的链接。在以上所述的阐述中，延伸的数量是50毫米，最大的站立，但值可以适当调整，根据用户的愿望。俯卧的支撑是

10、站立时必要，直到腰部支撑部件7变为相对水平面的30，但超过30时，站立只能由气弹簧的力量来完成。其他各种调整，可根据用户的重量，通过适当调整气弹簧的反应，此外，气弹簧，可轻松更换。图4底角（独立角度的腰部支撑构件7）和负载之间的关系是一个图表，显示一个座位和座位之间的角度和负载B脚踏板9。横坐标代表的座位角（度），纵负荷（kgf）。从图中可以明显的看出，主要承担用户的重量座位时的角度小，是由脚踏板和座椅时的角度是较大的承载。因此，用户可以不施加过多的力量需要保持坐姿或站立的姿势。此外，部分是因为体重的载荷，甚至在座位的最高站立时，用户可以放心对背部，并顺利的工作在站立姿势。虽然是固定的脚踏板和

11、着地部件10下肢支撑构件在上述体现6中，用户可以移动，同时保持独立的姿态，如果还装有小轮子的轮椅。驱动轮也可能是其操作开关的电动型，安装操作方便轮椅手肘支撑。虽然是不可折叠的轮椅但它可以改变一个可折叠的类型纳入一个折叠的机制。按照本发明，身体支撑架由下肢支撑构件，腰部支撑构件和靠背机构8驱动伸长部件的链接机制的巧妙结合。因此，轮椅使用者可以很容易地从坐姿改变到一个独立站立的位置，反之亦然。即使当用户承担独立的姿态，他或她可以支持身体的支撑框架，使他或她能够顺利地开展工作在独立的站姿姿态。由于用户可以利用和保持独立的姿态，褥疮和残疾人关节挛缩与很少或没有下肢的功能是可以预防的。伸缩机构的气弹簧的

12、使用，使得其持续并顺利地从坐姿改变身体的位置姿态，反之亦然。可以设置其位置，并固定在所需的姿态，更可以使用户在没有任何帮助的情况下的姿势转变。此外，从坐姿转移到独立的姿态，反之亦然，因为手动都可以生效，本发明的轮椅操作简便，并能消除用户反复使用和保养所造成可能的危险。 .WheelchairUnited States Patent 4519649 Abstract:A wheelchair is disclosed in which a body support frame pivoted to a main frame can move from a seated posture to a

13、stand-up posture and vice versa without using an external elevating force. The wheelchair includes the main frame for supporting driving wheels and auxiliary wheels and a body support frame formed by interconnecting a lower limb support member, a waist support member and a back rest member to one an

14、other. The forward portion of the main frame and the tip portion of the waist support member are turnably supported by a pivot, and an extension member for turnably supporting the waist support member with the pivot as the support point is interposed between the main frame and the waist support memb

15、er. The motive force for the stand-up operation of the body support frame relies upon the push-up force of the user of the wheelchair (the body lift-up force of the user by his or her upper limbs) and the force of the extension member.1. A wheelchair comprising: a main frame supporting driving wheel

16、s and auxiliary wheels;a body support frame including pivotally interconnected lower limb support member, waist support member and backrest member, said main frame and said body support frame being formed as independent structures, a front end portion of said waist support member of said body suppor

17、t frame being pivotally connected to a front end portion of said main frame by pivot means;a pair of elbow supports each fixed to an upper portion of said main frame at respective sides thereof, said waist support member of said body support frame being disposed between said pair of elbow supports i

18、n a seating position of said body support frame;a gas spring fitted, at one end thereof, to a gas spring receiver pivotally connected to said main frame, and pivotally connected at its other end by a piston rod thereof to said waist support member of said body support frame such that extension and r

19、etraction of said gas spring causes said waist support member to rotate about said pivot means with respect to said main frame; andlocking means in operable connection with said gas spring for locking said gas spring in an arbitrary position between a fully extended and a fully retracted position so

20、 as to fix said waist support member at an arbitrary angle with respect to the horizontal within a prescribed angular range of its rotation about said pivot means, said fully extending and fully retracted positions of said gas spring corresponding to seating and standing positions of said body suppo

21、rt frame, respectively.2. A wheelchair as defined in claim 1, wherein said locking means comprises a valve operation lever carried by said gas spring receiver for operating a valve of said gas spring, an operation lever mounted on one of said pair of elbow supports, and an operation wire operably co

22、nnecting said valve operation lever and said operation lever, whereby gripping of said operation lever operates said valve thereby permitting extension and retraction of said gas spring whereas releasing said operation lever causes locking of said gas spring so as to prevent the extension or retract

23、ion thereof.3. The wheelchair as defined in claim 1, wherein said waist support member and said back rest member, and said waist support member and said lower limb support member are connected to said main frame by link mechanisms, respectively.4. The wheelchair as defined in claim 3, wherein said l

24、ink mechanism for said waist support member and said back rest member consists of a parallelogrammic 4-rod link mechanism.5. The wheelchair as defined in claim 3, wherein said link mechanism for said waist support member and said lower limb support member consists of a 4-rod link mechanism having an

25、 arbitrary length.Description:BACKGROUNDThis invention relates to a wheelchair which makes it possible for the handicapped with an extremely limited or no lower-limb function such as a paraplegic to change his or her posture from a seated posture to a stand-up posture and vice versa, using his or he

26、r push-up force (the body lift-up action of the handicapped by his or her upper limb) which he or she daily exercises, as the motive force, without using any external power.The wheelchair is a kind of vehicle which is required to cover a range of motion substantially the same as walking and can be r

27、egarded as a short-distance transportation vehicle. Accordingly, the wheelchair must have a full function as a daily instrument, a moving function and a function which makes it possible for the handicapped to carry out work by use of the wheelchair. However, in accordance with the conventional wheel

28、chair, the user of the wheelchair can do the work only in the seated posture but cannot do work which can be done only in a stand-up posture because his or her hands cannot reach a high position.Wheelchairs using an external power source (such as motor drive using a battery as the power source) for

29、a stand-up mechanism have been proposed in recent years for a wheelchair which enables the user to do a work in a stand-up posture. However, the wheelchairs of this kind involve the drawbacks that the charging work and maintenance are complicated, that the weight of the wheelchair increases and that

30、 the wheelchair itself is extremely expensive with limited versatility.DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a side view showing the wheelchair in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;FIG. 2 is a rear view of FIG. 1;FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the state in which a gas spring as an extension

31、member is used; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relation between the seat angle (stand-up angle) and the load applied to the seat and to the foot plate.PREFERRED EMBODIMENTIn FIGS. 1 and 2, the reference numeral 1 represents a main frame which supports driving wheels 2 and auxiliary wheels 3. An elb

32、ow support 4 is fixed to the upper part of the main frame 1 on each side. Reference numeral 5 represents a body support frame which consists of a lower limb support member 6, a waist support member 7 and a back rest member 8. These members are connected in such a manner that the adjacent members are turnable relative to each other. A foot plate 9 and a landing member 10 are fixed to the lower end of the lower limb support member 6. The tip of the waist support member 7 is bent in an arcuate form and a bracket 11 is fixed to the arcuate portion and is turnabl