中考初中英语名词讲解与练习 4.docx

1、中考初中英语名词讲解与练习 4中考初中英语名词讲解与练习初中英语名词讲解与练习1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写。）Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革普通名词又可进一步分为四类1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people 人们

2、family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团3) 物名质词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如:an apple two apples a car some cars不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式.抽象名

3、词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand 沙sugar 糖有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件3.名词的功能名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。书包在桌子里边。I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。This is a good book. book 作表语。这是一本好书。We elected him our monitor. mo

4、nitor作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语.玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。He is a Party member. Party 作定语.他是一名党员。They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。他们白天黑夜地学习。4.可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber)和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式。名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分规则如下:1) 一般情况下,在词尾加-s. 例如:bags, map

5、s, pens, desks, workers2) 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加-es. 例如: buses watches boxes3) 以ce, se, ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s. 例如: licences blouses oranges4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es. 例如: babies families5) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves. book shelves, wives, knives注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有,man - men woman - women foot - f

6、eettooth - teeth mouse - nice ox - oxensheep - sheep dear - dear fish - fish英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors 剪刀goods 货物trousers 裤子clothes 衣服glasses 玻璃杯4.名词的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。bird 作主语, 是主格。I saw

7、a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。film 作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。Lu Xuns book is worth reading. 鲁迅的书值得一读。This is my fathers room. 这是我父亲的房间。名词所有格的构成单数名词加s 例词:Mikes father以s结尾的复数名词加 例词:the teachers room不以s结尾的复数名词加s 例词:mens womens课后练习题1、Nowadays we can learn a great deal of _ about the world throug

8、h the Internet. A. information B. books C. people D. countries2、-The man is training some boys to play basketball in the playground. Is he a _ ? -Yes, thats right.A. doctor B. policeman C. driver D. coach3、- The wall of our building is made of . - Thats good. So the room will be bright. A. glass B.

9、steel C. wood D. paper 4、-Pass me the _ on the table, please. I want to play paper-cutting. A. chopsticks B. silver C. surface D. scissors5、As we know that dogs have a pretty good of smell. A. sense B. idea C. feeling D. taste6、-How often do you eat _?-I guess I eat it two or three times a week.A. j

10、unk food B. vegetable C. banana D. hamburger7、 Next week is quite full for me. And I have to see the _ for teeth cleaning.A. dentist B. reporter C. musician D. writer8、 When I was young, I always liked to play in the _ near my home. A. band B. wonder C. stream D. energy9、I have some problems with my

11、 health. Can you give me some _?A. advice B. messages C. suggestion D. note10、- What fruit would you like? - Some , please. They are my favorite. A. dessert B. grapes C. juice D. biscuits11、We can get about our homework on the Internet. A.an information B. many information C. some informations D. so

12、me information12、You can see some students read books in our school in the afternoon. A. library B. bookcase C. box D. schoolbag13、 -Where can I buy a football? -Maybe you should go to the _. A. clothes shop B. flower shop C. shoe shop D. sports shop14、Whats your favorite color，Linda?I like _ best.I

13、 have many things of that color.Abaseball Bgeography Clicense Dpink15、There are two near here. A. shoe shop B. shoes shops C. shoe shops D. shoes shop16、Why are these mobile phones sold so well in your store，Mr Wang?Because almost every _ likes their styles.Ahero Bruler Cpioneer Dcustomer17、Doctor，d

14、o you think I have got a bad cold?Maybe. But I cant say that before I_ you.Acreate Bwarn Cexamine Dpraise18、Is it true that some colors can make us feel relaxed?Yes. Colors do have the _ to change our feelings and moods.Asecret Bpower Cidea Dexperience19、In western countries, _ are thrown away each

15、day. A. mountains of rubbish B. mountains of rubbishes C. a lot of rubbish D. a lot of rubbishes20、 Look, five _ are feeding on the hill. A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps D. the sheep21、 How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? - _.A. In five days time B. In five days timeC. In five days time D. For fi

16、ve days22、 Which _ of Shanghai do you come from? -Let me show you on the map. A. city B. village C. country D. part23、 What would you like,Madam? Id like _, please.A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of orangesC. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange24、 Several _ are talking under the tr

17、ee. And their _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman; children B. woman; child C. women; children D. women; child25、If you want to get the job, you need to have two years working _.A. experience B. pronunciation C. conversation D. environment 26、Close your eyes and guess what the box is made of.Its so

18、 heavy. It must be made of _. Apaper Bplastic Csilk Dmetal 27、What fruit would you like? Some , please. They are my favorite. A. dessert B. grapes C. juice D. biscuits28、 Do you have any _and _for lunch? A. chicken; tomatoes B. chicken; tomato C. chickens; tomatoes D. chickens; tomato29、if you need

19、further _about our products, please surf the Internet. A. Information B. experience C. practice D. expression 30、Anna studied day and night in order to get good _ on her exams.A. scores B. ways C. reasons D. exercises31、Jenny, you should prepare for tomorrows _. A. attention B. interview C. directio

20、n D. instruction32、What _ will global warming bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list. Anews Bdangers Ccourses Dadvantages33、If you can value what you have and do something to help others, you will find your life is full of _.Afriendship Bpleasure Csadness Dtrouble34、Tigers like to eat_, but

21、 koalas like to eat_. Ameat, leaf Bmeats, leaf Cmeat, leaves Dmeats, leaves35、You won first prize in the physics competition. Are you kidding? I made several terrible _A. mistake B. mistakes C. problem D. problems36、Daming has collected 5，000 _ Abus tickets Bbuses ticket Cbus ticket Dbuses tickets37

22、、The broken _ may cut into your hand if you touch it.You should be careful.Aglass Bglasses Ccandle Dcandles38、 This restaurant is very popular, because its Chinese _ are very good.A. meals B. pictures C. menus D. seats39、There are_in our town Atwo Japanese and five American Btwo Japaneses and five A

23、merican Ctwo Japanese and five Americans Dtwo Japaneses and five Americans40、I found my lost bike because of his proper _.A. decision B. satisfaction C. surprise D. joy 参考答案1、A2、D3、A4、D5、A6、A7、A8、C9、A10、B11、D12、A13、D14、D15、C16、D17、C 18、B 19、A20、B21、B22、D23、A24、C25、A26、D27、B 28、A29、A30、A31、B32、B33、B3

24、4、C35、B 36、A37、A38、A39、C40、A二、英语书面表达专项训练2 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jack 给你写邮件表达了想参加你校暑期为外国学生举办的汉语夏令营的愿望，希望你告知活动举办的具体时间地点，活动安排以及你的建议。提示词语： Chinese classes, learn, attend, culture, prepare提示问题： When and where will the Chinese Summer Camp be held? What activities will be held at the Chinese Summer Camp? What is y

25、our advice for Jack?Dear Jack,I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in ourschool this summer holiday . .Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jack,I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in our school this summer holiday.The Chinese Summer Camp wi

26、ll be held in our school from July 10th to July 30th this summer. The activities of this Chinese Summer Camp are as follows:First, you will attend Chinese classes, learning the meaning of Chinese characters. Second, you will take part in different parties, knowing the history of China and Chinese cu

27、lture, especially Chinese holidays, which will impress you deeply.Whats more, you will have chances to visit some museums and the Great Wall. What you should prepare is a pair of shoes for the visit. If you have any questions, please tell me. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua【解

28、析】【详解】1.题干解读：这是一篇提纲类书面表达，只给了一些要点提示，但都不很明确。学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外，还要进行适当拓展，使文章内容充实。2.例文点评：该题要求写作体裁为书信格式，所以例文用第一人称I进行写作，在文章结尾也按照标准书信格式进行了收尾。文章时态用一般现在时和一般将来时。文章条理分明，三个要点提示都已表达清楚，并进行了适当拓展，所给单词也都全部用上。3.高分亮点：短语：as follows，take part in，Whats more，look forward to。句型：被动句型，现在分词作状语，主语从句。3李华的英国笔友Jessica来信说, 她想了解中国的传统节日中秋节。假如你是李华, 请你给Jessica写一封信, 介绍该节日。内容须包含以下所有要点：1. 中秋节的时间；2. 中秋节的传统习俗及庆祝方式：全家人一起吃饭, 赏月, 吃月饼等；3, 我最期待的活动。要求：1.80-100词开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数）；2.语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整。Dear Jessica, Im glad to hear from you. Now let me introduce the Mid-Autumn Festival to you._