初三连词.docx

1、初三连词 一、连词的概念连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。二、连词的分类连词，按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。并列连词：and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as等。表示意义有转折的并列连词：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。表示选择关系的并列连词：or, or else, otherwise 表示前因后果的连词：for, so, therefore (因此), then等

2、。从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有时间状语从句，常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 1. 并列连词的用

3、法并列连词可以连接具有并列关系的词、 短语或者分句。如：He knows neither English nor French.Are you going by bus or on foot?Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming(缺点).1)and 与or 判断改错： （ ） They sat down and talk about something. （ ） They started to dance and sang. （ ） I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. 【考

4、例】 同义句转换1Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. 2One more effort, and youll succeed. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed. 2)both and两者都，谓语遵循就近原则，也就是由and后面的名词单复数确定。e.g.: She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not onlybut (also), as

5、well as不但而且 not onlybut also遵循就近原则，as well as 遵循就远原则，也就是谓语和as well as之前的名词单复数保持一致。e.g.: She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 4)neithernor意思为既不也不 谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. 你和他都不该时受责备。2. 从属连词的用法 (宾语从句和状语从句) 从属连接词常用于引导宾语从句和状语从句。常见的宾语从句从属连接词及用法有：They believe

6、 that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(从句本来就是陈述句)I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) He asked me where he could get such medicine. (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )状语从句：时间、地点

7、、 原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件。下面会具体学习。【考例】一 单项选择：1. Well visit Shanghai this Sunday _it rains or its very hot.A. since B. if C. unless D. until2. Would you like to go to the concert with me?-Id love to, _Im afraid I have no time.A. So B. or C. and D. but3. Jenny, put on your coat, _you will catch a cold.A. bu

8、t B. and C. or D. so4. Jane, please turn off the lights _you leave the classroom.A. after B. before C. until D. but5_you_your brother can join us. We want one of you.Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also6._Switzerland is very small, _it is the land of watch and it is very ric

9、h.A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Because; / D. Though; /7._Tom_Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. Either; or8. The film “Kung Fu Panda” is _interesting _I would like to see it again.A. such;

10、that B. too; to C. as; as D. so; that9. Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _at last she succeeded.A. so B. or C. but D. and10. -Where was your brother at this time last time?-He was writing an e-mail _I was watching TV at home. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 时间状语从句1) 时间状语从句常用when,

11、 as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school

12、, he went to work in a factory.易混引导词while, when的区别：when既可以指时间点,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while）。While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。练习：用while或when填空1. Please dont talk so loud _ others are working.2. _ he came in, his mother was cooking.3. _ we were at school, we went to the library every day.2) 在时间状

13、语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1. Ill ring you up as soon as I _（get） to New York.2 .I will tell him everything when he _ (come) back.3. He wont believe it until he _ (see) it with his own eyes. 结论: 主将从现的原则条件状语从句1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the buildi

14、ng unless I tell you to.2) 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1. Ill help you with your English if I _(be) free tomorrow.2. He _(not) be late unless he is ill.3) “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass

15、 the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.原因状语从句1)原因状语从句通常由because, since（因为）, as（因为）引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题

16、只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。结果状语从句1) 结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。练习：1. He is _ poor that he cant buy a bike

17、 for his son. A so B. such C. much D .too 2. She is _good teacher that everybody likes her. A .such a B. so a C. a so D .a such 2) sothat语such.that可以互换。例如：在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hol

18、d 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.3）在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such r

19、apid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。练习：（选出划线部分的近义选项）1. It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. A. so wonderful a film B. so a wonderful film2. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.A. so an important match B. an so impor

20、tant match C. so important a match 3) 如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。练习：Soon there were _ many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. A .so B. such C .much 总结： so +形容词或者副词+that such +(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词 + that such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 = so+形容词 +a/an +可数名词单数so + little/ many/much/ fe

21、w +名词. 目的状语从句1) 目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.2) so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may,

22、 might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句). 让步状语从句1) 让步状语从句通常由although, though，even though，even if，no matter，however等连词引导。例如：1. Though he is young, he knows a lot.2. AlthoughThoughEven thoughEven if you

23、dont like him you can still be polite尽管即使纵然即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。3) although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或 It was raining hard, but he still went out. 综合练习：保持句意基本不变1 Work harder, or youll not succeed i

24、n your new job. (保持句意基本不变) work harder, youll not succeed in your new job.2. Shanghai used to be a small fishing village.（保持句意基本不变） Shanghai is not a small fishing village_ _. 3. The teacher asked us, Have you finished reading the passage?（保持句意基本不变）The teacher asked us _ we _ finished reading the pa

25、ssage.4. Rose went to the car exhibition yesterday. Danny went there, too. (保持句意不变)_ Rose _ Danny went to the car exhibition yesterday.5. David spent two hours finishing his report last night. (保持句意基本不变)It David two hours finish his report last night.6. If you dont know “ Stay hungry, stay foolish”,

26、 surf the internet. (保持句意基本不变) You _ _ surf the internet if you dont know “ Stay hungry, stay foolish”.7. Billy doesnt know what happened. Billy doesnt care what happened. (保持句意基本不变) Billy _ knows _ cares what happened. 8. Tina liked watching TV better than reading comic books when she was young. (保

27、持句意基本不变)Tina watching TV reading comic books when she was young. 9. Mr. Brown manages a large Disneyland Park in Japan. (保持句意基本不变)Mr. Brown is _ _of a large Disneyland Park in Japan.10. If I dont finish my homework, my mother will not allow me to play computer games. (保持句意基本不变)I wont be _to play com

28、puter games_ I finish my homework.11. I cant give you better advice than that. (保持原句意思) I can _ give you _ advice.12. Bill didnt go to bed until he finished writing the letter at 11:45 last night. (保持原句意思) Bill _ _until he finished writing the letter at 11:45 last night.13. Horses are larger than an

29、y other animals in this area.（保持句意不变） Horses are _ _ among all the animals in this area.14. It cost my uncle huge amounts of money to decorate the living room.（保持句意不变 My uncle _ huge amounts of money _ the living room.15. I shall leave the restaurant if the waiter doesnt come soon. (保持句意基本不变)I shall

30、 leave the restaurant _ the waiter _ soon. 1. Which mobile phone would you like to buy, a Nokia an iPhone4 ? A.so B. or C. but D. and2. Jack was half an hour late for the party he was stuck in a traffic jam. A. unless B. while C. because D. if3. My uncle doesnt have much money. _he always enjoys himself.A. but B. so C. and D. or4. The comic strip is _funny_ readers art fond of it. A. too, to B. so, that C. very, to D. too, that5.He d