翻译教案2.docx

1、翻译教案2Task 1 Brief Introduction to Translation1Definition学习一门新的学科，首先必须有一个科学的定义。翻译是一个包罗万象、博大精深的技艺，至今也没有一个统一规范、举世公认的定义。我们只能综合各种不同的定义来把握翻译的本质。The Definition of The Oxford English Dictionary：To turn from one language into another.The Definition of Websters Third New International Dictionary of the Englis

2、h Language：To turn into ones own or another language.Eugene A. Nida：Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.孙致礼：翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文

3、明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。按活动形式分类：笔译（translation）口译（oral interpretation）：连续传译（consecutive translation）和同声传译（simultaneous translation）2. Translation Criteria中国传统翻译理论严复：信达雅天演论译例言（1898）傅雷：“神似” 说 “以效果而论，翻译应该象临画一样，所求不在形似而在神似。”（高老头重译本序）钱钟书“化境”文学的最高标准是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于化

4、境了。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译，比为原作的投胎转世，躯壳换了一个，而精神姿致依然故我。译者必备的业务素质扎实的英语基础、扎实的汉语基础、广阔的知识面（to know something of everything and everything of something）杂家、高效迅捷查阅资料和文献检索的能力、合理的翻译策略、认真负责的学风、充沛的体力和脑力3 The process of translation奈达：分析、传译、重组、检验乔治斯坦纳：信任、进攻、吸收、补偿或恢复中国传统方法：理解、表达、审校3. 1 理解 翻译课上的理解与以往其他课程中的理解有着本质的区别，要求也要高得多

5、。力求逐字逐句全面透彻百分之百的理解。不仅要理解语言表面上的意思，更重要的是理解语言深层的含义，字里行间的意思，甚至是弦外之音。全面透彻的理解是准确翻译的保障。理解过程中差之毫厘，表达时就可能谬之千里。初学者务必在理解上多下工夫。深刻透彻的理解上下文 （Context）No context, no text.Each word when used in a new context is a new word.例1: Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind . it is the freshness of the deep sprin

6、gs of life. 青春不是人生的一个阶段,而是一种心境，青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。是生命之源泉, 散发出清新气息。3.2 表达表达是在充分理解原文的基础上将一种语言所表达的思想内容用另一种语言重新表达出来的过程。由于英语和汉语在形式，语法，表达习惯，思维方式等方面存在着较大的差异，为两种语言之间的转换造成了许多障碍。表达的过程需要付出艰苦的脑力劳动，有时甚至需要绞尽脑汁。翻译难，主要难在表达。优秀的译文需要艺术家的灵感加上工匠的汗水。表达的过程中也需要经验和技巧，经验要靠自己积累，所以想提高翻译能力，需要进行大量艰苦的训练。例句2With 20 % of the worlds popul

7、ation , we are the worlds fifth largest trading nation. 原译:拥有世界人口的20%,我们是世界第五大贸易国。译文显然没有转达出介词with 短语与句子主体之间隐含的转折关系。应改译为:虽然我们的人口仅占全球的20 % ,但我们却是世界第五大贸易国。例句3October surpasses all the summer months by virtue of being the first in nearly half a year to clear the street of college age people. 原译:十月胜过夏季的所

8、有月份,因为半年以来,大街上第一次没有了大学年龄的人的身影。将being the first in nearly half a year 译成“半年以来.第一次”显然有悖逻辑。众所周知,假期是大学生四处游玩或逛街的时候,但没有哪所大学会连续放假半年时间让学生去逛街。应改译为:十月胜过整个夏季,因为此后将近半年时间里,街头将会不再有大学生们的身影。Task 2 Translation Skills (Speech Convert)1. Noun-Verb英语名词转译为动词His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.无论什么事情

9、，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。The flowing of current first in one direction and then in another makes an alternating current.电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动，形成交流电。A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here.从这里可以看到富士山。英语中有些后缀-er或-or的名词，如smoker, thinker, translator, teacher, farmer等，有时在句中并意在指出其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，往往可译为动词。The

10、se rustic lassies are good singers.这些乡下小姑娘歌唱得很好。2. Noun-Adjective有些形容词派生的名词在翻译时往往还原为形容词The overthrow of the Caetano dictatorship has demonstrated again the futility of the colonial wars.卡埃塔独裁统治被推翻，再一次证明进行殖民战争是枉费心机。3. Noun-Adverb有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语与句子其他成分存在一定逻辑关系时，可转译成副词或相应的状语成分。I had impression that your

11、 brother was the director of the company.在我印象中，你哥哥是那家公司的董事长。Task 3 Translation Skills: Speech Convert (Adjective)Adjective-Verb英语中只有动词可以直接作谓语，其他词性的词在做谓语时，常常需要系动词的帮助才可以构成谓语。因此，在翻译中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态或标识存在状态的形容词在与系动词结构构成复合谓语时，可将形容词译成动词；They were quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.他

12、们十分满意试验中获得的数据。表示动作和状态以现在分词或过去分词形式出现的形容词，也常常转译为动词。We believe that Europe should and will be outward-looking.我们认为，欧洲应该而且必将向外看。2. Adjective-Noun英语中，有些表示事物特征的形容词作表语时，往往转译为名词。In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有较强的放射性。当英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词也往往相应地转译成汉语副词。We hav

13、e made a careful study of the properties of these chemical elements.我们仔细研究了这些化学元素的特性。Task 4 Translation Skills: (Conversion into nouns)Conversion is one of the commonly adopted translation techniques. It means the change of parts of speech in translation. Because of the syntactical differences betwe

14、en English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original parts of speech in the process of translation. Eg. This watch never varies more than a second in a month. 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。1. Verbs converted into nouns.Such materials are characterized by good insulation and h

15、igh resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。2. Adjectives converted into nounsThey did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有很强的放射性。3.

16、 Pronouns converted into nouns. Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater. 无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长的多。ExercisesMany Americans have abandoned their love of getting behind the wheel during the last year, and opted to hop on buses instead, according to a study rele

17、ased this week. Inter-city bus service jumped 9.8 percent between the fourth quarters of 2007 and 2008, the highest growth rate in more than 40 years. The growth in intercity bus traffic is being driven by a number of factors, chiefly the spiking price of fuel over the past year, said Joseph Schwiet

18、erman, professor of public service and director of the Chaddick Institute, who directed the study, released on Monday. The basic economic efficiencies of bus travel are proving to be extremely attractive in this difficult economic climate, he said. The revival of downtown districts and a growing acc

19、eptance of bus travel among younger travelers are also partly responsible for the U.S. bus renaissance, the study found. Growth in passengers choosing to take the bus has also had an environmental impact. Over the past year, bus route growth has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by an estimated 36,00

20、0 tons and 3.48 million gallons of fuel, according to the study. The number of Americans who traveled by car dipped 3.3 percent in the first eight months of 2008.本周公布的一项调查显示，在过去一年中，很多美国人“忍痛割爱“，以乘公共汽车代替开车出行。今年第四季度，美国城市间公交客运量比去年同期增长了9.8%，涨幅为40多年来最高。查迪克研究所负责人、指导该研究的公共服务学教授约瑟夫施韦特曼说：“公交客运量的增大有很多原因，主要原因是去

21、年油价飙升。”他说：“事实证明，在经济困难时期，乘公共汽车出行的基本经济效率还是具有很大吸引力的。”此外，调查发现，市区的复苏和越来越多的年轻人选择乘车出行也是目前公交客运量增长的部分原因。选择乘车出行的人增多对环境也有一定的好处。由于公交路线的增多，去年二氧化碳排放量减少了约3.6万吨，燃油消耗量减少了348万加仑。今年前八个月，美国开车出行的人减少了3.3%。评分标准：1能够运用一般翻译策略和技巧，进行双语互译。2译文忠实原文，无明显错译、漏译。3译文通顺，用词正确。4译文无明显语法错误。Task 5 Translation Skills (Conversion into adverbs)

22、1. Adjective converted into adverbsBelow 4 , water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. 水在4度以下，就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere. 直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。2. Nouns converted into adverbsI have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 我荣幸地通知您，您

23、的请求已经得到批准。 The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. 新市长有礼貌地前去看望城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。ExercisesMillions of Britains women buy under-size clothes as an incentive to help them lose weight, a survey has found.More than a third of women deliberately buy clothes w

24、hich are too small for them because they are determined to slim down enough to fit into them one day, it found.The research found that on average these women confessed to buying three under-size items of clothing each.This means about 24 million dresses, skirts, blouses and trousers hanging idly in

25、the countrys wardrobes - as their owners battle to fit into them. The research uncovered Scots as the biggest purchases women make, with one in six claiming to own ten or more items they have bought knowing they are too small.一项最新调查发现，数百万英国女性购买尺寸过小的衣服，以此作为减肥的动力。调查发现，超过三分之一的女性故意购买穿不下的瘦小衣服，因为她们下定决心减肥到

26、能穿下去为止。调查发现，这些女性平均每人承认购买过三套尺寸过小的衣服。这意味着在英国，有2400万件套装、裙子、上衣和裤子闲置在衣橱里，而此时它们的主人正开展减肥大战，以便有一天可以将它们派上用场。调查表明，苏格兰女性最爱购买尺寸过小的衣服，有1/6的女性称购买过10件或以上明知尺寸过小的衣服。评分标准：1能够运用一般翻译策略和技巧，进行双语互译。2译文忠实原文，无明显错译、漏译。3译文通顺，用词正确。4译文无明显语法错误。Task 6 Translation Skills (Conversion into adjective)1. nouns converted into adjective

27、sThe pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。2. adverbs converted into adjectives Earthquakes are closely related to faulting. 地震与断裂运动有密切的关系

28、。The pressure inside equals the pressure outside. 内部的压力和外部的压力相等。Exercises Prepare for the worstWhen nations are faced with great catastrophes, it is common for the accusations to start flying before the dust even settles or any debris has been cleared. Commentators are quick to raise a cry over gove

29、rnment action or lack thereof, or whether a disaster could have been averted or its deadly consequences mitigated. This is especially true when many lives are lost and many more are at stake, and society is forced to cope with something terrible for the first time. There is always a steep learning c

30、urve when it comes to responding to calamities of this kind, and Mother Nature does an expert job of keeping us on our toes. The ability to expect the unexpected should be considered something of a virtue for public officials. The Indian Ocean tsunami that wreaked havoc in southern Thailand and othe

31、r countries is a perfect example of why. New policies, organizations and procedures will spring up amid the devastation. Expensive new technologies will be deployed and bureaucrats shuffled around. The world of officialdom will appear to be in control, actively responding to needs and crises as they

32、 arise. As a society, the people of Thailand have demonstrated that they can come together and help one another in times of crisis. But we must now work much more resolutely to prepare for possible disasters, no matter how high or low their probability. We cannot just focus on the next tsunami because it is likely that the nex