高考英语语法专项突破训练专题05形容词和副词和比较等级.docx

1、高考英语语法专项突破训练专题05形容词和副词和比较等级专题五 形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时，可能也会不给出原级。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)English is usefu

2、l.英语很有用。(作表语)I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)2.副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。二、形容词和副词的比较等级1. 形容词副词的规则变化。(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：longlonge

3、rlongest。(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾直接加r或st。如：nicenicernicest。(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavyheavierheaviest。(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：bigbiggerbiggest。(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。如：slowlymore slowlymost slowly；beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful。2. 形容词和副词的比较等级

4、的常用句型。(1) 表示相等：as + 原级+as(2) 表示不如：not as/ so +原级+as(3) 表示超出：比较级+than(4) 表示“最”：the+最高级+ of/in短语（表示比较的范围）注意：除了 “the+最高级”外，最高级还有其他的表达方式。如：否定词never等与比较级连用；比较级+than any other+名词单数；比较级+than any of the other+名词复数；比较级+than anyone else等。如：How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好听呀！我

5、从没听过比这更好的声音。(5) 表示“越越”：the+比较级，the+比较级(6) 表示“越来越”：比较级+and+比较级(7) 表示“与其不如”：morethan(8) the+比较级 特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个，他会说Tim是更好的选择。(9) 倍数的表达法： A + be +倍数 as +计量形容词原级+as BThis house is three times as wi

6、de as that one. 这个房子是那个房子的三倍宽。 A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than BThe car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这辆车比那本恰好贵5倍。 A +be+倍数+the+计量名词+of BThe new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。The+计量名词+of A +be+倍数+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of

7、the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大。三、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as+原级+asThe train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. 这列车和3:55的列车开得一样快。as+原级+a/an+名词单数+asHe is as honest a man as you. 他和你一样是个诚实的人。as many+可数名词复数+ as；as much+不可数名词+ asI have as many books as you. 我和你一样有许多书。倍数+as+原级+as+名词My room is twice as bi

8、g as my brothers. 我的房间是我兄弟的两倍大。不及not as+原级+asShe is not as beautiful as her sister. 她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比较级+thanHealth is more important than wealth. 健康比金钱重要。the+比较级+of the two 两者中较的一个He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的一个。否定no+比较级+than 和一样不He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。not+比较级 再不过(可译为“非常、十分”)His work co

9、uldnt be worse. 他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度递增-er and -er, more and more + 多音节词 越来越higher and higher 越来越高more and more important 越来越重要两种情况同时变化the +比较级, the +比较级 越，越The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave. 你越快准备好，我们就能越早离开。三者或三者以上比较the + 最高级+of/in+比较范围 之中最They have got some of the most beautiful

10、 things in the world. 他们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西。注意：no more (.) than与not more (.) than 的用法在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象这样的短语有很多，这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more (.) than与not more (.) than的用法解释清楚，希望对大家有所帮助：1. 不用于比较，后接数词时，no more than意为“仅仅、只不过、只有”(=only)，而not more than意为“至多、不超过”(=at the most)。如：There are no more th

11、an fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。(暗指15个鸡蛋太少)There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于15个)2. 用于两者的比较时，“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定，相当于neither.nor.。如：This story is no more interesting than that one. (=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。“

12、not+形容词或副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结构，表示前者不如后者，相当于not as/so.as.。如：This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。四、比较结构的修饰语1用于原级之前almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times等The river is three times as long as that one. 这条河是那条河是三倍长

13、。2用于比较级前many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小时。a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice等My desk-mate is even fatter than me. 我同桌甚至比我还胖。3用于最高级前the very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almos

14、t, not really, the first/second等This cake is by far the largest in the world. 这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。五、两种形式的副词：一个与形容词同形，一个以-ly结尾1hardhardlyhard 刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；费力地He studies very hard. 他学习非常努力。hardly 几乎不；简直不We hardly had time to eat breakfast. 我们几乎没时间吃早饭。2highhighlyhigh 高高地；地位高；声音高The plane flies high. 飞机飞得很高。

15、highly 高度地；非常(常和praise, speak等动词连用)They spoke very highly of him. 他们称赞他。3deepdeeplydeep修饰具体动作时，往往两个词可互换，但多用deepThey had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water. 他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。表示静止状态时只用deep(此时多于介词、副词连用)The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议持续到了深夜。deeply修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeplyI am deeply gr

16、ateful to you. 我非常感谢你。deeply可与hate, dislike, regret, admire, love, value等动词连用，但不能与动词like连用I deeply regret his death. 我对他的去世深感遗憾。4latelatelylate 迟；晚The bus arrived 5 minutes late. 公共汽车迟到了五分钟。lately 最近；不久前(同recently)What have you been doing lately? 最近你在做什么？as late as与as lately as都有“近至、直到”之意，用法相同I saw

17、him at late/lately as yesterday. 直到昨天我才看见他。5nearnearlynear 近；临近；在附近The train came nearer and nearer. 火车越来越近了。nearly 几乎；差不多；将近It is nearly then oclock. 差不多十点钟了。6closecloselyclose 靠近；挨近；接近Come close so that I can see you. 走近点以便我能看清你。closely 紧密地；紧紧地；秘密地；仔细地；严密地We followed closely after him. 我们紧紧地跟在他后面。

18、六、以-ly结尾的形容词1表示时间的形容词hourly 每小时的，daily 每天的，nightly 每晚的，weekly 每周的，monthly 每月的，quarterly 每季度的，yearly 每年的，early 早的，timely 及时的；适时的This theatre will give a nightly performance. 这个剧院将上演一台晚会。2表示人的形容词manly 男子气的，womanly 女人气的，wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父亲般的，childly 孩子般的，comradely 同志式的What are wifely duties? 什么是做妻子

19、的责任？3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词lovely 可爱的，friendly 友好的，ugly 难看的， lively 活泼的，lonely 孤独的，unfriendly 不友好的，kindly 和蔼的，sickly 病弱的，poorly 贫穷的，elderly 年长的，homely 朴实的、不漂亮的Children are usually lively. 孩子们常常是精力充沛的/活泼的。4表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词likely 可能的，orderly 整齐的，costly 花费大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有礼貌的，chilly 冷的，disorder

20、ly 乱七八糟的，unlikely 不可能的Please leave our classroom in an orderly way. 让我们的教室整整齐齐的。注意：elder与older，这两个词都是形容词old的比较级形式，区别在于：(1) elder指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼，常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。(2) older指“年纪较大的、较老的、较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。如：My elder brother is two years older than me. 我的哥哥比我年长两

21、岁。七、senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用1能与to连用，但不能与than连用superior 优秀的、高级的(反义词inferior)This restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week. 这家饭馆比我们上周去的那家好。senior 年长的、地位高的、资格老的(反义词junior)She is senior to everyone else in the company. 她在公司里比其他人资格都要老。2既不能与than连用，又不能与to连用的major 主要的，minor 次要

22、的，表示不太重要或较次要。The young actress was given a minor part in the new play. 这年轻的女演员在这部新戏里被分配担任一个小角色。What is the major industry of our nation? 我们国家的主要工业是什么？八、某些以a-开头的表语形容词以a-开头的只能作表语的形容词有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike, aware, awake, ashamed等。1. 这类形容词一般都不能用very修饰，但可用much或very much等修饰。如：不能说：I am very a

23、lone.只可以说：I am much/very much alone. 2. 另外，若它们本身带有修饰语，则也可用于名词前作定语。如：the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子a really alive student 真正活跃的学生九、多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序限定词(冠词/代词)数词描绘形容词大小形状新旧年龄颜色国籍材料+名词。如：a small round wooden table 一张小圆木桌an old Chinese stone bridge 一座中式老石桥the mans first two famous small red French oil pa

24、intings 这个人的头两幅著名的红色法国小油画注意：enough修饰形容词时，放在被修饰词之后。十、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语常见的此类副词有actually, anyway, interestingly, strangely, eventually, fortunately, luckily, obviously等。如：Obviously, your answer is totally wrong. 很明显，你的答案全错了。Interestingly, he was only eleven when he composed the sonata. 有趣的是，他写那一首奏鸣曲

25、时年仅十一岁。考点练透一、单句填空 用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The number of the trees that the villagers planted last year reached as _ as 6,000,000.2. There was so _ smoke that they couldnt see across the hallway.3. My little brother is not old _ to go to school. 4. In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than w

26、ait. 5. I must be getting fat I can _ do my trousers up. 6. They are _ little insects that we can not easily see them with our eyes. 7. There was _ little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help. 8. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.9. I havent seen

27、 the movie and my brother havent _. 10. He is always telling lies, so I will _ believe him. 11. John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. 12. Two passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim.13. We talked _ into the night and I was _ moved by his words. (deep)14. I found hi

28、s talk very _ and I was really _ in it. (interest)15. Who is the greatest poet _ (live)?16. The more words you know, the _ (easy) you can read.17. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels _ (little) desire to go to bed. 18. We have a _ (month) rainfall of four

29、 inches in winter here.19. He is by far the _ (good) student in his class.20. I have two brothers and both of them are _ than me. My _ brothers are friendly to me. (old)21. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.22. I left it early becau

30、se I had an appointment _ (late) that day.23. He must be _ (mental) disabled.24. Mary felt _ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.25. It might have made it a little _ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.26. “That would be a very_ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.27. “But such a small thing couldnt_ (possib