1、BGP实验指导书中文版11实验1 BGP协议1.1 实验内容BGP的基本配置;BGP的聚合;BGP属性简单应用;BGP路由反射器的作用;基于aspath的路由策略。说明:本文所有实验环境共用一个组网图。在不支持loopback的软件版本中,建议使用dialer口替代loopback口。在本实验中,所有的实验都是沿用前面的配置,在进行下一个实验前请不要修改前面已完成的配置。 软件版本:Version 1.74 Release 0006。 1.2 BGP基本配置1.2.1 实验目的掌握配置BGP的基本配置命令;邻居关系的建立;路由的引入,察看实验结果。1.2.2 实验环境Quidway 26 系列
2、或更高性能路由器 4台,交叉网线2根,V35或V24 DTE/DCE 线缆 2 对。1.2.3 实验组网图图1-1 实验组网图1.2.4 实验步骤1. 配置建立路由器RouterA RouterB RouterC 邻居关系RouterA:配置路由器A的接口地址,启动BGP协议,设置BGP邻居。/配置路由器A的接口地址RouterA-Serial0 ip address 11.1.1.1 255.255.0.0 RouterA-Ethernet0 ip address 11.2.1.1 255.255.0.0 RouterA-LoopBack1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0
3、.0.0RouterA-LoopBack2 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0/启动BGP协议RouterAbgp 100 /设置BGP邻居RouterA-bgppeer 11.1.1.2 as-number 200 RouterA-bgppeer 11.2.1.2 as-number 200 RouterA save配置路由器C:RouterC-LoopBack1 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.0.0.0RouterC-Ethernet0 ip address 11.2.1.2 255.255.0.0 RouterC bgp 200 RouterC-bg
4、ppeer 11.2.1.1 as-number 100 RouterC save配置路由器B:RouterB-Serial0 ip address 11.1.1.1 255.255.0.0 RouterB bgp 200 RouterB-bgppeer 11.1.1.2 as-number 100 RouterB save在路由器A上执行:RouterAdisplay bgp summaryNeighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down State11.1.1.2 4 200 2 3 0 00:00:09 Established11.2.1.2 4 20
5、0 11 12 0 00:09:23 Established两EBGP邻居已经建立。1、引入路由问题1:为什么没有任何BGP路由? BGP本身不会产生路由,只能转发引入的路由,需要引入引入10.0.0.0网段的路由:RouterA-bgpnetwork 10.0.0.0RouterA-bgpdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.1.1.2Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - in
6、complete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path* 10.0.0.0 11.1.1.1 100 i RouterBdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.1.1.2Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path* 10.0.0.0 11.1.1.1 100 i
7、RouterBdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 10.0.0.0/8 BGP 170 0 11.1.1.1 Serial0 11.1.0.0/16 Direct 0 0 11.1.1.1 Serial0 11.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 11.1.1.1 Serial0 11.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBa
8、ck0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 RouterBping 10.1.1.1 PING 10.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=0 ttl=255 time = 27 ms Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 28 ms Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time =
9、 27 ms Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time = 28 ms Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 27 ms - 10.1.1.1 ping statistics - 5 packets transmitted 5 packets received 0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 27/27/28 ms1.3 BGP的路由聚合1.3.1 实验目的使用实验调试过程理解路由引入,路由通告原则;掌握
10、路由聚合的配置方法,理解原理。1.3.2 实验环境本实验沿用前面的实验组网图,本例中用到的路由器为RouterA,RouterC,RouterD。1.3.3 实验组网图图1-1 实验组网图1.3.4 实验步骤1. 配置相关地址及路由引入,路由通告的调试RouterD-Serial0ip add 11.4.1.2 24 RouterD-LoopBack2ip add 11.4.2.1 24 RouterDbgp 200 RouterD-bgppeer 11.4.1.1 as 200 RouterC-Serial0ip add 11.4.1.1 24RouterC-Serial0peer 11.4
11、.1.2 as 200RouterDdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.4.1.2Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path i 10.0.0.0 (null) 100 100 i RouterDdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destinat
12、ion/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 11.4.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.4.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.4.2.1 LoopBack2 11.4.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.
13、0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0为什么路由表中没有路由(10.0.0.0)?RTD收到RTC通告的EBGP路由,但此时RTC和RTD处于同步状态,RTD在等待,等待RTD中运行的IGP(这里没有配置)同样通告这条同样的路由,然后才添加到路由表中,而这是不可能的。但如果两个IBGP处于非同步状态,就不会受到此规则的约束。RouterD-bgpundo synchronization RouterC-bgpundo synchronization RouterD-bgpdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.4.1.2
14、Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Pathi 10.0.0.0 11.2.1.1 100 100 i RouterD display ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 11.4.1.0/24 D
15、irect 0 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.4.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.4.2.1 LoopBack2 11.4.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0RouterC-bgppeer 11.
16、4.1.2 next-hop-local RouterD-bgpdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 10.0.0.0/8 BGP 170 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.1 Serial0 11.4.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.4.2.0/24 Di
17、rect 0 0 11.4.2.1 LoopBack2 11.4.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 RouterD-bgpping 10.1.1.1 PING 10.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out D仍然不能Ping 通A,什么原因呢?RouterAdispl
18、ay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 1.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 LoopBack1 1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 10.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 10.1.1.1 LoopBack2 10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.1.0.0/16 Direct 0 0 11.1.1.2 Serial0 11.1.1.
19、1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 11.1.1.2 Serial0 11.2.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.2.1.1 Ethernet0 11.2.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0原因是RouterA没有到RouterD的路由11.4.0.0。在RouterD向BGP引入直连路由Rou
20、terD-bgpimport-route directRouterAdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.2.1.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path* 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 i* 11.4.2.0/24 11.2.1.2 200 ? RouterAping 11.4.2.
21、1 PING 11.4.2.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out为什么? 原因是没有人把CD之间的11.4.1.0网段的路由告诉ARouterDdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.4.1.2Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Ne
22、xt Hop Metric LocPrf Path*i 10.0.0.0 11.4.1.1 100 100 i* 11.4.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 ?* 11.4.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 ?* 11.4.2.0/24 0.0.0.0 ? RouterD把路由传给RouterC,但RouterC没有传给RouterA,为什么呢?原来BGPsperker C发现自己已经有直连路由11.4.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.2 Serial0而从BGPspeaker D获得的BGP路由* i 11.4.1.0/24 11.4.1.2 100 ?不是最佳路由,D自己不会采用
23、这条BGP路由,由于BGP只选最优的路由给自己使用,BGP只把自己使用的路由通告给相邻体,所以这条路由没有被继续通告给ARouterCdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.2.1.2Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path* 10.0.0.0 11.2.1.1 100 i* i 11.4.1
24、.0/24 11.4.1.2 100 ?* i 11.4.1.1/32 11.4.1.2 100 ?*i 11.4.2.0/24 11.4.1.2 100 ?RouterCdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 3.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 3.3.3.3 LoopBack1 3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 10.0.0.0/8 BGP 170 0 11.2.1.1 Ethernet0
25、11.2.0.0/16 Direct 0 0 11.2.1.2 Ethernet0 11.2.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.4.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.2 Serial0 11.4.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.4.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 11.4.1.2 Serial0 11.4.2.0/24 BGP 170 0 11.4.1.2 Serial0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/
26、32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0如何去解决呢? 办法之一:RouterC中BGP引用自己的直连路由。RouterC-bgpimport-route direct RouterC-bgpdis bgpBGP local router ID is 11.2.1.2Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteBGP local router ID is 11.2.1.2St
27、atus codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path* 3.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ?* 10.0.0.0 11.2.1.1 100 i* 11.2.0.0/16 0.0.0.0 ?* 11.4.1.0/24 0.0.0.0 ?* i 11.4.1.2 100 ?* i 11.4.1.1/32 11.4.1.2 100 ?* 11.4.1
28、.2/32 0.0.0.0 ?*i 11.4.2.0/24 11.4.1.2 100 ? RouterAdisplay bgpBGP local router ID is 11.2.1.1Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, best, i internalOrigin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Path* 3.0.0.0 11.2.1.2 200 ?* 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 i* 11.2
29、.0.0/16 11.2.1.2 200 ?* 11.4.1.0/24 11.2.1.2 200 ?* 11.4.1.2/32 11.2.1.2 200 ?* 11.4.2.0/24 11.2.1.2 200 ? RouterAdisplay ip routing-tableRouting Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 1.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 LoopBack1 1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 3.0.0.0/8 BG
30、P 170 0 11.2.1.2 Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 10.1.1.1 LoopBack2 10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.1.0.0/16 Direct 0 0 11.1.1.2 Serial0 11.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 11.1.1.2 Serial0 11.2.0.0/16 BGP 170 0 11.2.1.2 Ethernet0 11.2.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 11.2.1.1 Ethernet0 11.2.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 11.4.1.0/24 BGP 170 0 11.2.1.2 Ethernet0 11.4.1.2/32 BGP 170 0 11.2.1.2 Ethernet0 11.4.2.0/24 BGP 170 0 11.2.1.2 Ethernet0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 RouterAping
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1