《新概念英语第二册》语法总结.docx

1、新概念英语第二册语法总结新概念英语第二册语法总结一、冠词The Article知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a tea

2、cher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair

3、of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。二、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：Beij

4、ing is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：Where is the teacherOpen the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词

5、和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Party等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow

6、, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poo

7、r, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：Go down this street

8、.3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：We are students. I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。Today is New Years Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Womens Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：Whats the matter, Granny We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon,

9、 at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at

10、 school.8、科目前不加。如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【专项训练】：1、 We cant live without air. Aan B Cthe Dsome2、Have you seen pen I left it here this morning. Is it black one I think I saw it somewhere. Aa; the Bthe; the Cthe; a Da; a3、Ive been waiting for him for hour and half. A;

11、 Bthe; a Ca; the Dan; a4、What fine weather we have today! Aa B Csome Dan5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one Aa tree Bsuch tree Can tree Dtree6、Children usually go to school at age of six. A; the Ba; an Cthe; Dthe; the7、 Himalayas is highest mountain in world. A; the; BThe; the; the CA; a; a D;8

12、、They each have _book. Li Huas is about writer. Wang Lins is on science. Aa; a; Bthe; ; the C; the; Da; the; a9、 Physics is science of matter and energy. AThe; B; C; the DA; a10、 sun rises in east and sets in west. AA; an; a BThe; CThe; the; the DA; the; a11、Many people agree that_knowledge of Engli

13、sh is a must in international trade today. Aa; Bthe; an Cthe; the D; the12、 _Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad temper. A;a BA; CThe; the DA; a13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one. Aa; the B; C;a Da; a14、what kind of car do you want to buy A

14、Bthe Ca Dan15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music. A; the B; Cthe; Dthe; the16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. Athe; B; the C; Dthe; the17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. A Ba Cthe Done18、Wheres Jack I think hes still in

15、 bed, but he might just be in bathroom. A; Bthe; the Cthe; D; the19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. Athe; the B; Cthe; D; the20、Id like information about the management of your hotel, please. Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful. As

16、ome; a Ban; some Csome; some Dan; a【答案】：1、B air是不可数名词。2、D 此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“”。3、D 元音前用an。4、B weather是不可数名词。5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。6、A go to school是固定短语。7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。10、C11、A 第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。12、D

17、 第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。14、A 泛指15、C 此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。16、A 此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。17、C 此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。18、D 此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。19、C 此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指。20、A 此题是95年高考题。informat

18、ion是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。二、名词Nouns知识要点：一、名词的种类：1、专有名词：1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）2、普通名词1）不可数名词注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time.不可数

19、名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows | | | 各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works着作，difficulties困难在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper.2）可数名词：可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.The frog is a

20、kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.有复数形式：a）规则变化加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）b）不规则变化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese,

21、 fish（同一种鱼）。如，a sheep, two sheepd）只用复数形式：?thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.f）形单实复：people (人民，人们)，the police, cattle等g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： My family is a big one. My family are music

22、 lovers.h）复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人(c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors二、名词的所有格：1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“s”。如：Mikes b

23、ag, Childrens Day, my brothers room, womens rights注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers Day, the workers rest-home（工人疗养院），the students reading-room2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的书）3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”； 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“s”。如：Jane and

24、 Helens room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bills and Toms radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有）4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailors (裁缝铺) the doctors (诊所) Mr Browns (布朗先生的家)5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“s”表所有格。如：half an hours walk (半小时的路程) Chinas agriculture (中国的农业)2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the

25、book3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友。some inventions of Edison

26、s 爱迪生的一些发明those exercise-books of the students 学生们的那些练习本。【专项训练】：1、There are only twelve in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-law Bbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law3、How many

27、 does a cow have Four. Astomaches Bstomach Cstomachs Dstomachies4、Some visited our school last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens5、The of the building are covered with lots of . Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leaf Droofs; leafs6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing. A

28、sheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies7、That was a fifty engine. Ahorse power Bhorses power Chorse powers Dhorses powers8、My father often gives me . Amany advice Bmuch advice Ca lot of advices Da few advice9、Mary broke a while she was washing up. Atea cup Ba cup of tea Cteas cup Dcup tea10、Can you give us

29、 some about the writer Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning. Ateas; bread Bteas; breads Ctea; breads Dtea; bread12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than . Alights; sounds Blight; sound Csound; light Dsounds; l

30、ights13、She told him of all her and . Ahope; fear Bhopes; fear Chopes; fears Dhope; fears14、The rising did a lot of to the crops. Awater; harm Bwater; harms Cwaters; harm Dwaters; harms15、How far away is it from here to your school Its about . Ahalf an hours drive Bhalf hours drives Chalf an hour drives Dhalf an hour drive16