译林版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点复习归类.docx

1、译林版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点复习归类 Unit 1 Past and present词汇拓展v. married (adj.) 已婚的2. communicate v. communication (n.)3. north n. northern (adj.)4. wife n. wives(复数)5. interview v. interviewer (n.) 采访者adj. recently (adv.)adj. exactly (adv.)v. pollution(n.)重点短语1.和玩 play with sb2.不再not any more=no more3.不同时期的交通工

2、具 transport at different times4.阳光镇的变化 the changes to Sunshine Town5.非常了解这个地方 know the place well6.从那时起 since then自从 2005 年以来 since 2005自从去年以来 since last year自从三个星期前以来 since three weeks ago7.搬家 move house搬到南京 move to Nanjing搬走 move away（搬出 move out of搬进一座新公寓 move to/ into a new flat8.在南部 in the sout

3、hern part of9.结婚 get married 已经结婚have been married for和某人结婚 be/ get married to sb/ marry sb 把某人嫁给某人 marry sb. to sb.10.变化很大 change a lot change into 变成change n.改变（可数）找零，零钱（不可数）11.在过去 in the past 在现在 at present12.这些年以来 over/ during the years 13.把变成turn into 翻到 turn to14.打牌 play cards 下中国象棋 play Chine

4、se chess15.愉快的假期 pleasant holiday16.玩得很开心 have a pleasant time17.水污染 water pollution 噪音污染 noise pollution 减少污染 reduce the pollution18.过去经常做某事 used to do sth19.像以前一样经常地as often as before%20.把排进/ 倒进dump into21.一个很严重的问题 a very serious problem22.采取行动做某事 take action to do sth23.在某种程度上 in some ways 顺便问一下

5、by the way在去的路上 on the way to挡路 in the way24.开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所 open space25.不时地，偶尔 from time to time26. 一处自然景点地方 a place of natural beauty27.从借borrow sth from sb 借给某人/把借给lend sb sth= lend sth to sb28.在使用中 be in use= be in service29.带去take sb to 30.独自地 on ones own= by oneself= alone31.有同感 have the same f

6、eeling32.青山环绕 green hills around33.清新的空气 fresh air34.良好的环境 a good environment;35.发展缓慢 less development36.离远 be far (away) from 两个街区远 two blocks away 离近 be close to37.给造成许多麻烦 cause many problems for38.近期照片 recent photos 在近几年中 in recent years39. 的反义词 the opposite of40.有好运 have good luck 41.把扔掉 throw s

7、th away42.写一篇有关阳光镇的文章 write an article on Sunshine Town43.在过去的一个世纪 over the past century44.关于北京的过去和现在 about Beijings past and present45.感冒 have a cold 患重感冒 have a bad cold46.受到某人的来信 hear from sb= receive a letter from47.乘飞机旅行 travel by plane/ by air48.享受阳光和沙滩 enjoy the sun and the beach49.走遍城市 go ar

8、ound the city50.返回 return =get back return to 回到，归还|51.出国 go abroad 国内外 at home and abroad52.和保持联系 keep in touch withComic strip & Welcome to the unit1：past and present（1）pastn. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.People lived a hard life in the past.）adj. 过去的，以前的；i

9、n/over/during the past/last few years 在过去的几年里常用于现在完成时Lets not make the past mistakes.He has visited many foreign countries in the past few years.prep. 过 half past ten 十点半Our car was past the Tiananmen Square when it broke down.adv. 经过 go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp. = pass sp.A woman saw it hap

10、pen when she walked past.:When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）present adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的 be present at the meeting 出席会议n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ； a present for you=a gift for you 给你的礼物He is busy at present.vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; present sb. with sth.Everyone can be prese

11、nted a present at present.2：Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me. 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。￥（1）change: vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into 变成n.变化，改变;change(s) to .的变化Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用; 行使，used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 否定形式：used not to+v.或

12、didnt useto+v.疑问形式：Used sb. to v. Yes, sb used./No, sb usednt.或 Did sb. use to+v. Yes, sb did./No, sb didnt.|get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hes barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never be used to this busy lifestyle.be us

13、ed to do sth. 被用来做某事useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的Reading1：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.北西东东南南souther wester eastern southeaster northweste northweste northwesternrn rnnnnnorthernnorth south west eastsoutheast northwest northwest3. by the way 表示“顺便说/问一句”；4. all th

14、e way 表示“全程；一直”；5. in a way 在某一点上,在某种程度上6. in the way 挡道 in the way of sb 挡在某人路上9:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。It is dangerous for us to go o

15、ut alone at night.（2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as . as 像一样。10:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的feel lonely, a lonely person, live in a lonely villagealone adv./adj. 单独,独自=by oneself=on ones ownteacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teac

16、her asks us to finish the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.（2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数) at the same time 同时 in time 及时；适时 on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时，有时 for the f

17、irst time 首次；第一次（3）a bit + adj./adv. = a little + adj./ adv. 有点.a little +不可数名词 = a bit of +不可数名词I find the watch a little expensive.Grammar1.现在完成时的含义A. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如：Mike borrowed the book two days ago. (两天前借了书，但是现在有没有还不知道)Mike has kept the

18、book for two days. (借了这本书两天，这本书还在麦克那里)He has taught here since 1981. （可能还要继续教）I havent seen her for four years. （我已经四年没有见过她了。）B表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。如：She has gone.(她走了，这里可看出”走“的动作时过去发生的，而对现在造成的结果她不在这里了。)We are good friends. (现在的情况）-I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each

19、other since 1997（. 现在完成时把过去动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）2. 现在完成时的构成（一）肯定式 主语助动词 have has 过去分词其它例：Ive just copied all the new words.我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)（二）否定式主语助动词 have hasnot过去分词其它1）I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。注：有时 not 可以用 never 代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。%又如：2）I have never seen him before. 以前我从来没有见过他。 （三

20、）一般疑问式助动词 Have Has 主语过去分词其它例：Have you ever made dumplings 你曾经做过饺子吗Yes, I have. 是的，我做过。注意：当句中有否定词 not, hardly（几乎不）, never 的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school, have you你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗%3.动词过去分词的构成方法A. 规则变化。规则变化与过去式相同。a. 通常加-ed，如：visited，finished。b. 以不发音的 e 结尾的直接加 d，如：lived，mov

21、ed。c. 重读闭音节的双写最后一个辅音加-ed，如：travelled，planned。d. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i 再加 ed，如：studied，cried。B. 不规则变化。（需逐一记忆）4.与现在完成时连用的时间状语;a.用副词 already 和 yetalready 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 yet 用于疑问句，表示“已经”；用于否定句，表示“还”。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。Have you finished your homework yet 你已经完成你的家庭作