剑桥雅思IELTS第6套Test1阅读答案及详解.docx

1、剑桥雅思IELTS第6套Test1阅读答案及详解剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIAS SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of

2、 titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coa

3、ches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs

4、more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are bac

5、ked up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. We cant waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that dont help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance, says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot o

6、f their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, a

7、n extra millimetre there.No gain is too slight to bother with. Its the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimme

8、r slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mas

9、ons contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions.It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmers performance into factors that can be analysed indiv

10、idually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmerDTake a look, says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third

11、place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy, says Mason. If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better This is the kind of accuracy that AIS sc

12、ientists research is bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing现在进行时态 unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athletes clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor

13、that might have an impact on an athletes ability to run. Theres more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales deve

14、loped a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AI

15、S athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运发动，即澳大利亚体育学院的运发动，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择AE Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developinga competition model, based on what

16、 they expect will be the winning times.You design the model to make that time, says Mason. A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times. All the training is then geared towards making the athlet

17、e hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the worlds most successful sporting nation.F Of course,theres nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined

18、 jackets for endurance athletes.At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists and rowers times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level.But Australias succ

19、ess story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer shee

20、t.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity(a reason for narrowing/cant waste timeresearch activityscientific

21、questions)4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced 复制5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigatedObstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor 6 an overview of the funded support of athletes (Overview, funded support/finance)7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event(Calc

22、ulated before an event/using data，well before a championship锦标赛)Questions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their riva

23、lsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your an

24、swer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?(help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing)13 By how much did some cyclists performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?READING PASSAGE 1真题解析：篇章结构体裁 说明文主题 澳大利亚的体育成就结构 A段：澳大利亚体育成绩斐然 B段：科技是

25、第一生产力C段：精确测量和数据分析 D段：精确测量和数据分析的实例E段：数据的实际应用 F段：不可复制的成功必背词汇pro n.职业运发动demolish v.击败；破坏，毁坏 under the eye of 在B段centre stage 中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.仪器，器械golfer n.打高尔夫球的人 ethereal adj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的C段come down to(sth.)可归结为 wire-frame adj.线框的second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.划开；切开output n

26、.输出 slow motion 慢动作wringout of 原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从中(经过努力)获得 side-on 从侧面stroke n.划动，划水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.举世瞩目的 swivel v.旋转prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力(学)的profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型 velocity n.速度，速率lap n.一圈budding adj.开展中的 spit out 原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出frame n.帧，画面D段turn time 转身时

27、间 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不显眼的，不醒目的 present adj.存在的sensor n.传感器 saliva n.唾液embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减轻，减弱sweat v.出汗，发汗 remarkably adv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.实验，试验immune-system 免疫系统的E段complex adj.复杂的 transform v.转换，转变，改变championship n.冠军赛 arguably adv.可论证地(可辩论地)，有理由说地gear v.调整，(使)

28、适合F段unveil v.展示(新产品)；揭开 altitude tent 高原帐篷coolant-lined 流线型散热 replicate v.复制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.减少，降低澳大利亚的体育成就A 他们努力竞争，他们积极参与，他们参加比赛完全为了取胜。澳大利亚体育劲旅轻松击败对手，取得辉煌战绩。他们何以做到这一点?成功的秘密在于一个由体育学院和科研机构组成的网络，该网络以科学与医学为根底，涉及面广且耗资巨大。在澳大利亚体育学院(AIS)里，数百名青年选手与职业运发动在教练的指导下共同生活和训练。另一家机构澳大利亚体

29、育运动委员会(ASC)，那么为总计96项体育运动中工程的数千名表现突出的男女运发动提供资助。上述两家机构均提供强化训练、训练设备和营养咨询效劳。B 科学在体育科研机构中的地位举足轻重。AIS不仅雇用了上百名在体育方面深有研究的科学家和医生，还与大学及研究中心的几十名专家学者致力合作。AIS的科学家们同时研究多个体育工程，并将一个工程中的研究成果跨界应用，例如将增强高尔夫球运发动肌肉力量的训练方法应用于游泳和壁球中。科学家们也得到了那些设计专用仪器来收集运发动资料的技术人员们的强大支持。他们都只关注一个目标：胜利。AIS的科研主管彼得弗里克说：“我们不能在不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，它们既无法

30、协助教练指导运发动，也无法提高运发动本身的能力。C 专家们的许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运发动潜水的精确角度到自行车运发动每秒功率输出的所有数据。这些资料将有助于运发动发挥最大的潜力来提高运动能力。工作核心是以人为本，其目的在于促使运发动发挥最大潜力来提高哪怕是百分之一秒的速度或者是一毫米的成绩。无论多么微小的收获都值得为之努力。正是这些跬步的积累，才使得澳大利亚取得举世瞩目的体育成就。为了说明系统运作的原理，AIS的科学家布鲁斯梅森展示了为研究游泳运发动而设计的三维分析工具模型。只见一个游泳冠军获得者的线框模型划开水面，她的双臂以慢动作的形式划动。侧面观察，梅森可以测量每次划动

31、中运发动前进的距离。俯视观察，他可以分析这位运发动的脊柱是怎样转动的。该系统设计完成后，他将能够为教练们建立生物力学的模型，协助培养游泳运发动。梅森对体育事业的奉献还包括游泳运动分析系统(SWAN)的开发，该系统现在正广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中。系统采用摄影频率为50格/秒的数码相机收集影像，然后将游泳运发动的每个动作都分解成可分析的因素，例如划距、划频、每个划水动作的平均持续时间、速率、出发时间、往返时间和结束时间等等。每次比赛结束后，SWAN都会给出每名运发动的数据资料。D “请看，梅森一边说一边抽出一张数据资料分析表。他指出获得第二名和第三名运发动的资料，数据证明游的最快的人其实

32、是获得第三名的选手。那么，为什么他会以0.35秒之差落后呢?梅森解释说：“他转身所需的时间比另一名选手长0.44秒。如果能够提高转身的技能，他的成绩将会大大提高。AIS科学家们的研究将这种精确性带到各种体育工程之中。他们正与位于墨尔本的微技术合作研究中心合作，共同开发可嵌入运发动衣服或跑鞋里的微型传感器，用以监控心律、出汗情况、发热量以及其他一切可能对运发动赛跑能力造成影响的因素。这不仅仅是简单地测评运发动们的表现。弗里克举了一个每年都会因感冒咳嗽而病倒十一二次的运发动的例子来说明了这一点。经过多年试验，AIS与新南威尔士州的纽卡斯尔大学合作研发出一种测试，以测量运发动唾液中免疫球蛋白A的含量。如果免疫球蛋白A的含量突然降到某一水平之下，训练就会减弱强度或完全停止。不久，免疫球蛋白A水平开始上升，危险也最终消除。自推行该测试以来，AIS所有体育工程的运发动们都非常成功地保持着良好的健康状态。E 数据资料的分析与应用十分复杂。在锦标赛开始之前，体育科学家和教练们就早早着手训练运发动，为比