版英语新设计同步必修五讲义Unit 1 Part.docx

1、版英语新设计同步必修五讲义Unit 1 PartPart Learning about Language & Using Language.重点单词1.spin v.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)2.backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)3.chart n.图表4._universe n.宇宙；世界5.construct vt.建设；修建construction n.建设；建筑物6.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n.贡献；捐款7.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiasm n.热情；热心 8.cau

2、tious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n.小心；谨慎9.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n.拒绝；拒绝接受；厌弃10.creat vt.创造creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的11.positive adj.积极的；肯定的negative adj.消极的；否定的.核心短语e_to_an_end 结束2.apart_from 除之外；此外3.(be)_strict_with. 对严格的4.lead_to_ 通向；导致5.make sense 讲得通；有意义6.at times 有时7.be responsible for 对负责8.make

3、 room for 为腾地方.经典句式1.Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。2.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都

4、围绕太阳转动，只有月球仍然围绕地球转动。1.名词后缀： tionconstruct vt.建设；修建construction n.建设；建筑物contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n.贡献；捐款cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n.小心；谨慎reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n.拒绝；拒绝接受；厌弃2.形容词后缀： tive，iccreat vt.创造creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的enthusiasm n.热情；热心enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的3.归类记单词：wa

5、rd后缀表方向的词backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；forward adv.& adj.向前地(的)；eastward adv.& adj.向东地(的)；westward adv.& adj.向西地(的)；northward adv.& adj.向北地(的)；southward adv.& adj.向南地(的)阅读清障revolutionary/revlunrI/adj.革命的；重大变革的confused/knfjuzd/adj.迷惑的；混乱的ignore/In/vt.不理睬；忽视calculation/klkjuleIn/n.计算lead to导致；通向tha

6、t.solar system为同位语从句，解释说明conclusion的具体内容。movement/muvmnt/n.运动；移动；动作make sense讲得通；有意义此处“Onlyif引导的条件状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构，主句谓语中的助动词did移至主句主语之前。as.such an idea为as引导的原因状语从句，从句中would have punished表示对过去将要发生的事情的假设。powerful/pafl/adj.有权势的；有影响力的arise/raIz/vi.出现，发生，产生astronomer/strnm(r)/n.天文学家backward/bkwd/adv.

7、&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)move backward向后移动loop/lup/n.圈；环in a loop呈环状The problem arose为主句，because.in a loop为because引导的原因状语从句，在原因状语从句中含有that引导的宾语从句。if在此引导条件状语从句，该从句由and连接的两个并列句组成。do指代上文出现的explainwork on致力于complete/kmplit/adj.完整的，完全的现在分词短语plete作伴随状语，其中含有until引导的时间状语从句。privately/praIvItlI/adv.私下地；秘密地he made.th

8、eory为定语从句，修饰先行词the changes，关系代词that或which已省略。fixed/fIkst/adj.固定的，不变的with.the earth为“withn.doing”形式的with复合结构，作伴随状语。spin/spIn/vi.&vt.(spun，spun)(使)旋转as.the sun为as引导的时间状语从句，as表示“当时”。brightness/braItnIs/n.明亮；亮度；聪颖enthusiastic/InjuzIstIk/adj.热心的；热情的be enthusiastic about对热心cautious/ks/adj.小心的；谨慎的be cautio

9、us about对小心谨慎so连接两个并列分句，表示因果关系；as.in 1543为as引导的时间状语从句。reject/rIdekt/vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃be against反对，违背be for支持，赞同现在分词短语saying.attacked作状语，其中who supported it为定语从句，修饰先行词people。on which.built为on which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the basis。replace/rIpleIs/vt.代替create/krieIt/vt.创造；产生obviously/bvIslI/adv.明显地；显然地which said.the u

10、niverse为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Christian idea of gravity。said后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含because引导的原因状语从句。,原文呈现COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.Although he had tried to ignore them，all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the

11、 earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense .Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made

12、 the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop，move backward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.This w

13、as very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only his new theo

14、ry could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it，gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going

15、 round it and only the moon still going round the earth.He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copern

16、icus was cautious.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Certainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Church rejected his theory，saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked.Yet Copernicus theory i

17、s now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity，which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe.Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link bet

18、ween his theory and the work of Isaac Newton，Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.课文译文哥白尼的革命性理论尼古拉哥白尼很害怕，他的思维很混乱。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，但是他所有的数学计算都得出同一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上时，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。然而，他不能把他的这个理论告诉任何人，因为即使他只是暗示了这种想法，也会受到有影响力的基督教会的惩罚。教会认为上帝创造了世界，正因为如此，地球才是特殊的，它一定是太阳系的中心。问题出现了，因为天文学家们曾经注意到，天上

19、有些行星似乎会停下来，后移，然后呈环状向前移动。另一些有时看上去比较亮，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有的行星都是围绕着地球转动的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，并试图找出答案。他曾经收集过观测恒星的数据，并且用他全部的数学知识来解释它们。但是只有他的新理论能对此作出解释。于是在1510年和1514年之间，他一直致力于这项研究，逐步完善他的理论，直到他觉得这个理论是完整的为止。1514年，他私下里把他的理论证明给他的朋友。他对旧理论所做的修改是革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还表明地球在绕着太

20、阳转的同时，也在自转，这就解释了行星运动的变化以及恒星亮度的变化。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。当然，他的小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而且支持这种理论的人都将遭到攻击。然而现在哥白尼的理论是我们所有的宇宙观建立的基础。他的理论取代了基督教的地心引力说，地心引力说认为物体往地面上落是因为上帝把地球创造成了宇宙的中心。哥白尼指出这明显是错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的理论与艾萨克牛顿、阿尔伯特爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬霍金的研究都有着直接的联系。Choose th

21、e best answers according to the text.1.Copernicus felt confused and frightened，because _.A.his conclusion was against that of the Christian ChurchB.his calculations were wrongC.his findings were for the Christian ChurchD.he failed to prove his theory2.The theory that the earth was the centre of the

22、universe couldnt explain that_.A.God had made the worldB.all the planets moved around the earthC.some planets appeared brighter at times and less bright at othersD.the Christian Church was powerful3.It was obvious that Copernicus reached his conclusion by _.A.reasoning and imaginationB.observation a

23、nd calculationC.observation and imaginationD.calculation and imagination4.From this passage，we know that the theories of Newton，Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking about the universe _ Copernicus theory.A.are based on B.have little withC.are the same as D.are somewhat related to5.Why does the writer

24、 say that it was right for Copernicus to be careful?A.Because the Christian Church would have attacked him if he had published his ideas.B.Because science needs ones caution and carefulness.C.Because Copernicus needed further proofs before he announced his theories.D.Because none of the people of hi

25、s time would have believed in his ideas.答案1.A2.C3.B4.A5.A1.construction n.U 建设C建筑物Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using makeanoun.(教材P4)看这些简单动词并用“makeanoun”构成另一个结构。(be) under construction 正在建设中construct vt.建设；修建The governments are speeding up the construction of lowrent hous

26、ing.政府部门正加快廉租房的建设。The new airport being constructed lies in the east of the city.The new airport under_construction lies in the east of the city.正在修建的新机场位于该市的东部。They are planning _to_construct (construct)a new supermarket.他们正在计划建造一个新的超市。2.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于；促成；投稿写出下列句中contribute的含义Many

27、people contributed (捐款) money to the poor boy，which contributed (有助于) to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed (投稿) it to a newspaper.(1)contribute.to.向捐献/赠；给提供(忠告、建议)；投稿contribute to有助于；促使；导致(2)contribution n.贡献；捐款make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth为

28、做贡献Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。There is no doubt that your suggestion will help contribute to solving (solve) the problem.毫无疑问你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。Last week we visited some great scientists，who made great contributions (contribute)to scien

29、ce.上周，我们拜访了好几位科学家，他们对科学做出了卓越的贡献。名师指津以上短语contribute.to.; contribute to 和make a contribution/contributions to中的to皆为介词。联想归纳表示“导致；促使”的其他词语还有：lead to，bring about，result in，cause等。3.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.(教

30、材P7)他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。be enthusiastic about/of 对有热情be enthusiastic to do sth对做某事很热心/非常喜欢做某事enthusiasm n.热情；热心The retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighbourhood affairs.那个退休工人对邻里的事情很热情。Shes very enthusiastic to_read (read) the novels written by Mo Yan.她非常喜欢读莫言写的小说。Although shes a beginner，she plays with great enthusiasm (enthusiastic).虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。4. cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的；细心的(1)be cautious of/about (doing) sth谨防(2)cautiously adv.细心地；谨慎地caution n.细心；谨慎with caution仔细地Ive always been very cautious about giving my address and telephone number to strangers.我在