高考英语语法精讲精练精析主谓一致.docx

1、高考英语语法精讲精练精析主谓一致2019-2020 年高考英语语法精讲精练精析 - 主谓一致谓语受主语支配， 须和主语在人称和数上保持一致， 这被称为主谓一致。 但是如果主语不是单一的， 或主语名词的数比较特殊时， 其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则： 语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。一、语法一致原则一般来说， 语法形式是单数的主语， 谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of errors was surprising. 错误之多是惊人的。They often play football on the playground. 他们

2、经常在操场上踢足球。二、意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。 主语形式虽为单数， 但在意义上却为复数， 谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。(一 )谓语动词为单数的情况1由 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。The worke

3、r and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。比较： The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家来自北京。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。2 every.and (every) .，each.and (each) ., no.and (no) ., many a .and (many a) .连接两个单数名词作主语。Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 桌子和椅子

4、都是木头做的。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3 one / every one / each / either / the number of 复数名词作主语。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。4 clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Cl

5、othing is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水灾区急需衣物。5以 “ s结”尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。6表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经二十年了。7由 any， some， no和 one, thing, body 等所构成的不定代词作主语。8非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Collecting stamps is what he likes. 他很喜欢集邮。9单数名词、抽象

6、名词、物质名词作主语。(二 )谓语动词为复数的情况1由 and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都已卖完了。2 people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。3 goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。4由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等 “ s结”尾的专有名词作主语。The Olympic Games are held once every four yea

7、rs. 奥运会每四年举办一次。5 a number of / quantities of / a group of 名词作主语。(三 )谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1 class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public,government 等集体名词作主语。强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers. 他有个大家庭。 / 他的家人都喜欢音乐。2 means (方法 )

8、, works ( 工厂 ), pains ( 辛苦 ), series (系列 ), species (物种 )等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful. 并非每种方法都有效。 /并非所有的方法都有效。3 all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。All are present. / All the food tastes good. 所有人都在场。 /这些东西尝起来都很好。4“ half / most / enough / part / the rest

9、/ the last / lots / plenty /分数 / 百分数 of 名词 ”作主语， 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词的单复数保持一致。Half of the students have finished their position. / Half of the apple is bad. 一半学生完成了作文。 /这苹果一半都坏了。三、就近原则谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。1由 or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。N

10、ot only he but also I am invited. 我和他都受邀请了。Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都对此一无所知。但注意 “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / nomore than / besides / rather than 名词 ”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a num

11、ber of students is in the classroom. 学生们和一位老师在教室呢。2在由 there 或 here 引起的句子及倒装句中。There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。四、其他注意事项肯定与否定一致：下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。Weve had some (money).I was talking to someone. We

12、havent had any (money) I wasnt talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet.Li is ing too. Li isnt ing either.Both of us a re going. Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.so / neith

13、er助动词名词 /代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife likes classical music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.分析近五年来的高考题可以发现， 高考对主谓一致的考查几乎每年都有所涉及， 但题量不大，其因为是这项语法用法比较固定、单纯， 要理清主谓一致的 “三大原则 ”，记住这些用法就能很好地把这项语法学会； 当然高考命题多以特殊点为切入点， 要注意三大原则里边的一些变化。尤其注意：主语从句作主语时谓语的确定； 主语 as well as, with, together with, al

14、ong with,rather than, but, except, besides 等词时的主谓一致； 定语从句中谓语动词的数与定语从句所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。【 xx 安徽卷） 27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ savedfor other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were【答案】 D【考点】考查主谓一致和时态。【解析】定语从句中先行词是 the raw materials ，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，

15、故选 D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的 65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。【xx 湖南卷 )26】 One third of the country _covered withcitizens_black people.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; aretrees and the majority D. are; isof the【答案】A【考点】考查主谓一致。【解析】整个国家为整体，三分之一的部分当然也应用单数；而 the majority of citizens 主要指人，是可数名词，此时的谓语动词用复数，表示 “大多数，大部分 ”。 10 全国 Barbara

16、 is easy to recognize as shesthe only one of the women who _evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn答案B考点考查主谓一致和时态。解析首先the only one of为先.行词时, 定语从句修饰的是one, 即one 是主语 ,而非后面的复数women,根据主谓一致的原则, 谓语动词应该用复数, 排除 A,D 。另外,从 “is可”以看出句子是要表示一种习惯 , 因此要用一般现在时 , 排除 C, 故选 A 10 湖南 Listening to loud music at ro

17、ck concerts caused hearing loss in someteenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have答案 C考点主谓一致解析根据动名词短语作主语 , 句子的谓语动词用单数形式 , 由此排除 B 、 D 两项 , 根据主语与caused 的主动关系, 排除A 项 10四川 Such poets as Shakespearewidelyread, of whose works,however, somedifficult to understand.A. are； areB. is ； isC. are；isD. is ： are答案A考点考查主

18、谓一致。解析主句中的主语应为 poets, 谓语动词用复数 , 其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works, 谓语动词也应是复数。故选 A 。 09 山东The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadilysince1990.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been答案 C考点本题考查主谓一致和时态。解析主语是 the number 故谓语动词用单数 , 又因时间状语是 since 1997 所以用完成时态。 09 四川 The

19、 teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _newly published in America.A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was答案B考点考查主谓一致。解析A together with B 作主语时谓语动词与 A 的单复数保持一致； 第二空为定语从句 that 指代 Reading Skills, 由于 Reading Skills 是书名所以谓语动词用单数。 09 湖南 Either you or one of your stude

20、nts _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be答案 B考点主谓一致的用法。解析Either or .连接两个主语 , 按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。 One of your students谓语应用单数形式。09 陕西 A. is going toDr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,B. are going to C. was going tovisit Beijing this summer.D. were going to答案

21、A考点考查动词时态和主谓一致。解析主语中心词是 Dr. Smith, 表单数 , 谓语动词用单数形式； 时间状语是 this summer, 表计划性的将来 , 故时态用一般将来时 , 选 A 。 09 江西According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as答案D考点本题考查比较级的结构。解析as. as , 注意句中的more than只是修饰twice 。09 辽宁 Peter s jacket looked j

22、ust the same as Jack A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much ass, but it cost his.答案B考点考查as-as 同级比较前的修饰语位置。解析 twice 应该放在第一个 as 之前 , 选 B 符合。 08 陕西 Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A.wereC.has beenD.was答案D考点本题考查主谓一致。解析主语是

23、every boy and girl,表示单数概念, 故谓语动词用单数, 且询问昨晚的情况,有明确的过去时间 , 所以应选择 was。07 江西 A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a weekA.show; are C.show; is D.shows; are答案 B考点本题考查主谓一致。解析由 a survey 可知第一个空用 shows, 首先排除 A 、C 两项；第二个空前的时间 threehours of outdoor exercise a week 表示抽象概念 , 看

24、作单数 , 故其谓语动词用单数形式。07 湖南 We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks soA.is B.are C.has been D.have been答案 A考点本题考查主谓一致。解析 句意为 : 几天和几周的时间是如此的渺小 , 以致于一天根本微不足道。 本句用来陈述事实 , 用一般现在时态；空白处所在句子的主语是 the time, 谓语动词应用单数形式。 07 陕西 As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buil

25、dings in the areaA.need repairing C.needs repairing D.need to repair答案 A考点本题考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。解析分数、百分数修饰名词 , 谓语动词的单复数取决于名词 , 此处 two-thirds 修饰buildings, 故谓语动词取决于名词复数 buildings , 排除 B、C 两项 , need doing=need to be done意为 “需要被做 ”。07 上海 A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise

26、a weekgood for one s health.A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are答案 B考点本题考查主谓一致。解析由 a survey 可知第一个空用 shows, 首先排除 A 、C 两项；第二个空前的时间 threehours of outdoor exercise a week 表示抽象概念 , 看作单数 , 故其谓语动词用单数形式。 07 浙江 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_

27、yet.A. hasn t been decided B. haven t decided C. isn t being decidedD. aren t decided答案 A考点本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。解析根据句意 , 此处应用被动语态 , 不用主动语态 , 故排除 B；又因为 when and where 表示单数意义 , 故排除 D；再根据句末的 yet 可知 , 最好用现在完成时 , 故选 A 最佳。07 浙江 It is reported that the floods have left aboutA.two thousand B.two- C.two thousands

28、D.two thousands of答案 A考点本题考查数词的用法。解析 hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, score 等指具体数字时 , 不用复数形式；指大 约 数 字 时 , 常 用 复 数 形 式 。 如 ： one hundred, two thousand, three million,hundreds/thousands/millions/billions/dozens/scores of 。06 北京 She went to the bookstore and boughtD.dozens of books答案 D考点本题考查

29、dozen 的用法。解析 dozen 意为 “一打 , 十二个 ”,与数词连用时要用单数形式。 与 of 连用时要用复数形式。dozens of 意为 “若干 , 许许多多 ”。dozen 与数词或 many, several 连用时其后不加 s；dozen前有基数词表示确切数字时, 其后一般不与of连用。06 浙江 The pany had about 20 notebook puters but only one-thirdregularly.Now we have 60 workingA.is B.are C.wasD.wereused答案D考点本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。解析当分数、百分数作主语时 , 要根据