高中英语人教版 选修7教师用书Unit 1 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案.docx

1、高中英语人教版 选修7教师用书Unit 1 Section GrammarWriting Word版含答案2020年精编人教版英语资料Section_Grammar_&_Writing动词不定式一、概念动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。二、时态与语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时to be doing表示谓语动作发生时

2、，不定式的动作正在进行They seem to have known each other for a long time.他们好像认识好长时间了。They pretended to be working hard when the teacher came in.老师进来时他们假装正在用功。I wanted the letter to be typed at once.我要这封信立刻打印出来。I think its an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.被给予机会在会上发言我感到荣幸。点津当不定式逻辑主语不是

3、句子的主语时，就要在不定式前加上其逻辑主语，该逻辑主语通常由for或of引出。Its easy for him to work out this math problem.对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。Its careless of you to make such a mistake.出了这样的错误，你太粗心了。三、动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not。Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.张明要我不要整天待在家里。My mother let me not do it

4、by myself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。四、动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。1不定式作主语不定式短语作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.赶早晨5点的公共汽车不是个好主意。It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning.早晨很早赶5点的公共

5、汽车不是个好主意。点津在“It isadj.不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词用来说明不定式逻辑主语的性格特点时，要由of引出逻辑主语，不能用for。这类形容词主要有bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise等。It is very kind of you to help me.你帮我真是太好了。考题印证1(新课标全国卷) It took years of work to_reduc

6、e (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(山东高考改编) Its standard practice for a company like this one to_employ (employ) a security officer.2不定式作宾语(1)下列动词的后面常跟不定式作宾语：decide/determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend, offer, manage, expect/wish/hope, agree, as

7、k/beg, help, prepare, threaten, tend, claim, desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate。The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。He cant afford to buy the expensive car.他买不起那辆昂贵的小汽车。点津常接不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀：决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。(2)常用句型“主语v.itadj./n.to do sth.”。其中，it为形

8、式宾语，to do .为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有：think, find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feel等。I think it useful to learn a foreign language.我认为学门外语很有用。(3)一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但含义不同。I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。2 (新课标全国卷) I hear

9、d a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to_stop (stop) until we reached the next stop.(安徽高考改编) I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.3不定式作表语放于be, become, sound, taste, seem 等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明作用，其主语常常是wish, idea, task

10、, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天清扫房间。3(重庆高考改编) The engine just wont start. Something seems to_have_gone (go) wrong with it.4不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语(1)常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, w

11、arn, hate, encourage, prefer, expect, order, wish等；有些动词常跟“to beadj.”构成复合结构，如think, consider, imagine, prove, find, know, suppose等。Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We believe him to be honest.我们相信他是诚实的。4(江西高考改编)He is thought to_have_acted (act) foolishly. Now he has no one b

12、ut himself to blame for losing the job.(2)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等动词(词组)后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to，变为被动语态时则要带to，此时不定式作主语补足语。在help后，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.老板让工人们一天工作10小时。(宾语补足语)The workers were made to work 10 hours a

13、day by the boss.工人们被老板要求一天工作10小时。(主语补足语)5(江西高考改编)Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to_speak (speak) to the new students.5不定式作状语动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。(1)表示目的：也可用于so as和in order之后表强调。She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday.昨天她去医院看

14、望了她爷爷。She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 10：00 am plane.为了赶上上午10点的飞机她让我开车把她送到机场。6(北京高考改编)To_make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.(陕西高考改编)To_work (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several

15、 times.(四川高考改编)I hope to take the computer course.Good idea. To_find (find) out more about it, visit this website.(重庆高考改编)Group activities will be organized after class to_help (help) children develop team spirit.(2)表示结果：可用于enough to, so . as to, such . as to, only to .以及too . to等结构中。Have you got en

16、ough room to seat all of us?你有足够的空间让我们都坐下吗？She is too weak to join us in the outing.她太虚弱以至于不能加入我们的旅行。点津only to do sth.与only doing sth.都可作结果状语，其区别是：only to do sth.表示一个与主语愿望相反或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作；only doing sth.表谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，另外，only doing也可作伴随状语表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。He searched the box only to find n

17、othing.他搜索了这个箱子，没发现什么。His father passed away, only leaving him a little money.他父亲去世了，只给他留下了少量的钱。7(天津高考改编)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to_find (find) it didnt fit.(四川高考改编)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to_find (find) his plane high up in the sky.(3)表示原因

18、：常用于表情绪或心理活动的形容词之后。They were surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这个消息他们很惊讶。Im glad to hear this.我很高兴听到这个。(4)用于“be性质形容词不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等。The box is not easy to carry.这个箱子不易携带。点津在这一结构中，不定

19、式to do用主动形式表示被动意义。8(全国卷改编)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to_watch (watch) anything that happened to be on.(辽宁高考改编)This machine is very easy to_operate (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 6不定式作定语(1)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, de

20、termination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。9(北京高考改编)Volunteering gives you a chance to_change (change) lives, including your own.(北京高考改编)Birds singing is sometim

21、es a warning to other birds to_stay (stay) away.(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作最好的人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女性。点津不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动形式；如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。The Browns have

22、a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。五、“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词“what, how, when, where, which动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。How to solve the problem is still a challenge for us.如何解决这个问题对我们仍是一个挑战。I dont know where to buy books of this kind.我不知道到哪里去买这种书。六、动词不定式的省略一些动词、词组式句型中用省略to的不定式。(1)Why ./Why not .？表示建议，后接

23、省略to的动词不定式。Why not visit the World Expo?为什么不去参观世博会呢？(2)would rather, had better, may as well等后接省略to的不定式。Youd better lose some weight.你最好减肥。(3)cant help but, cannot but, do nothing but等后接省略to的不定式。I cant but choose to go.我不得不去。I could do nothing but wait until he came back.我什么也不能做，只能等他回来。They had noth

24、ing to do but move. They had no choice but to move.他们别无选择，只好搬家。(4)使役动词let, have, make和感官动词see, hear, feel等后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式必须加to。Let him try once more.让他再试一次吧。I saw him enter the room.我看见他进了房间。He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房间。.用所给词的适当形式填空1Tom worked hard, only to_fail (fail

25、) again at last.2It is no good watching (watch) too much TV for children.3Its good to_help (help) others when they are in trouble.4The man downstairs told the man upstairs not to_drop (drop) his shoes onto the floor at midnight any more.5The goal of this activity is to_meet (meet) the needs of commo

26、n people.6Let me hear (hear) you play (play) the violin.7The question is very difficult to_answer (answer)8He was forced to_take (take) a position that was paid less money.9He pretended to_be_reading (read) the text when I came in.10The snow seemed to_have_been_blown (blow) from the top of the mount

27、ain.句型转换1The boss made them work the whole night. (变为被动语态)They_were_made_to_work_the_whole_night_by_the_boss._2He wanted to shut the window. Tell him not to shut the window. (合并句子)He_wanted_to_shut_the_window_and_tell_him_not_to.3It is known that she has been working on the problem for many years. (

28、变为简单句)She_is_known_to_have_been_working_on_the_problem_for_many_years.4It seems that he is eating something. (变为简单句)He_seems_to_be_eating_something.5To study two languages is very hard. (用it作形式主语)Its_very_hard_to_study_two_languages.6He felt it was necessary to help those in need. (变为简单句)He_felt_it_

29、necessary_to_help_those_in_need.7We believe that he is guilty. (变为简单句)We_believe_him_to_be_guilty.8He ran fast so that he could catch the first bus. (变为简单句)He_ran_fast_so_as_to_catch_the_first_bus.9He searched the room but found nothing. (变为简单句)He_searched_the_room_only_to_find_nothing.10The box is

30、so heavy that we cant carry it. (变为简单句)The_box_is_too_heavy_for_us_to_carry. 建 议 信假如你是李华，经常和你的澳大利亚笔友Tony用英文通信。最近他来信说打算买一台笔记本电脑(laptop computer)以促进学习，想征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：1建议他放弃这个想法。2你的理由是：(1)容易染上坏习惯；(2)学习好坏的关键在于自身努力。注意：1.文章要包括以上所有要点；2词数100左右。Dear Tony，Thank you for your letter. To tell you the truth, I

31、ve thought a lot about whether you should buy a laptop computer to help you with your study. In my opinion, youd better not.For one reason, its very easy for you to form some bad habits once you have it, such as playing computer games, seeing movies and so on, which will be a waste of time. For another reason, buying a laptop computer doesnt mean you