人教新目标版八年级英语下册全一册短语语法知识点汇总10套.docx

1、人教新目标版八年级英语下册全一册短语语法知识点汇总10套Unit 10 Ive have this bike for three years一、 必背短语1.目前；现在thesedays2.迄今；到现在为止sofar3.需要inneed4.不再not anymore5.察看；观察checkout6.棋类游戏boardgames7.初级中学juniorhighschool8.不再；不复nolonger9.清理clearout10.说实在的tobehonest11.进行庭院拍卖会haveayardsale12.勾起甜美的回忆bringbacksweetmemories13.将认为regard as

2、14.玩一会儿playforawhile15.处置；处理dowith.16.找工作searchforwork17.依据；按照accordingto18.依看inonesopinion19. 决定做某事 decide to do sth20.在某处待了多久have been in +地点21.过去常常做某事 used to do sth【教材内容解析】Section A1. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. (P. 73)bring back在句中意为“使回忆起”。Your artic

3、le brings back happy memories to me.2. You can also give old things away to people in need. (P. 73)in need意为“需要”，在句中作后置定语。A friend in need is a friend indeed.3. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. (P. 74)check out意为“查看、核查”。I made a phone call to check out his address.4. W

4、e have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. (P. 75)clear out意为“清理、丢掉”，代词作宾语时，要放在两者之间。The shelf in your room is old and useless. Clear it out.5. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. (P. 75)no longer意为“不再”，相当于“not.any longer”多用于表示状态或延续性的动词连用，强调从时间上说不再做某事；no

5、 more/not any more则表示动作不再重复出现，强调从程度上来说不再做某事。He no longer smokes.=He doesnt smoke any longer.I can no more eat.=I cant eat any more.6. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. (P. 75)own此处用作及物动词，表示“拥

6、有、有”。Many more people now own their own homes.7. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. (P. 75)part with意为“放弃、交出”，后接名词或者代词作宾语。She had to part with her pet cat when she went abroad.8. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to b

7、e honest, I have not played for a while now. (P. 75)(1) as for意为“至于、关于”，用于连接前面所谈论的内容，并转入一个新的话题。As for the man, I know nothing about him.(2) to be honest意为“说实在的、说实话”，在句中用作插入语，相当于to tell the truth。To be honest, I dont like your new dress.9. Jim has been in Japan for three days. (P. 76)“have/has been i

8、n+地点名词”表示“在某地已经多长时间了”。I have been in Jinan for two years.Section B1. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. (P. 78)some.others.意为“一些，另一些”。Some students are playing basketball in the playground, and others are swimming.2. Nowadays, millions of

9、Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities. (P. 78)search for意为“搜寻、寻找”，相当于look for。The police are searching for that man.3. Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. (P. 78)辨析：between 与 amongbetween一般指“在两者之间”She is sitting between Lucy and Lily.她正坐在露西和莉莉之间。among

10、指“在三者或三者以上之中”He built a house among the trees.他在树林中建了一座房子。4. Its a shame, but I just dont have the time.(P. 78)shame此处用作可数名词，意为“令人惋惜的事”，常与不定冠词a搭配使用。Its a shame for you not to see the film.5. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. (P. 78)regard用作动词，表示“

11、认为、看待”，regard.as.表示“把看作”。We regard Lang Lang as one of the greatest pianists in the world.6. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change. (P. 78)according to意为“依据、按照”。According to the weather report, it will be sunny tomorrow.7. In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite th

12、e school. (P. 78)opposite此处用作介词，表示“与相对、在对面”，相当于across from。I live opposite the bank.John is sitting opposite Mary.8. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays. (P. 78)especially adv. “尤其，特别”，是especial的副词形式；especial adj. “特别的，特殊的

13、”。I am especially busy on this weekends.This is an especial day.9. consider (P. 79)consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”He considered selling his old house and buying a big one.consider sb./sth. to be“认为是”All of us consider her to be a kind and helpful teacher.consider sb./sth. as“把认为是”You shouldnt consider hi

14、m as a fool. 【语法讲解】现在完成时（III）(1) 非延续性动词也称为短暂性动词或瞬息动词，这类动词所表示的动作往往在“瞬间”就完成了，动作不能“持续”，可以用于完成时态，但在完成时态的句子中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since two days ago, for two years等。如果要表示该动作的延续，就需要将其转换为延续性动词或表示状态的词。The film started two hours ago. 电影是两个小时前开始的。（正确）The film has been on for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。（正确）The film has

15、 started. 电影已经开始了。 （正确）The film has started for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。（错误）常见的非延续性动词有：die, buy, borrow, lend, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, begin, start, see, marry, join, hear等。(2) 延续性动词，是指动作可以延续的动词，可以跟表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用。常用的延续性动词有：keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, s

16、it, teach, live, stay等。I have kept the book for two days. 这本书我已经借了两天了。He will stay here for a week. 他要在这里待一周。(3) 非延续性动词所表示的动作不能持续，若要跟for或since等表示一段时间的状语，则该非延续性动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。Jim left his hometown last year. 吉姆去年离开了家乡。=Jim has been away from his hometown for a year. 吉姆离开家乡一年了。常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或

17、表示状态的词：非延续性动词 延续性动词/表示状态的词die be deadborrow keepbuy/catch haveget up be upcome/arrive/go be in/atfinish/stop be overleave be away (from)open be openclose be closedbegin/start be onmarry be marriedjoin be in/ be a member of(4) 非延续性动词的现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，因为非延续性动词的这种否定形式构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的。例如：He h

18、asnt bought any sweets for a year. 他已经有一年没有买糖果了。 I havent seen Mr. Zhang for ages. 我好几年没有看到张先生了。Unit 1 Whats the matter一、必背短语Section A 部分1.患感冒have a cold2.胃痛have a stomachache3.喉咙痛have a sore throat4.背痛have a sore back5.躺下休息lie down and rest6.量体温take ones temperature7.说得太多talk too much8.休息take break

19、s/a break9.下车get off10.拍X光片get an X-ray11.看见某人正在做.see sb. doing12.反复考虑think twice13.期待某人去做某事expect sb. to do14.使惊讶的to ones surprise15.同意做某事agree to do sth.16.及时in time17.多亏，由于thanks to18.陷入困境；惹麻烦get into troubleSection B 部分1.休息几天rest for a few days2.把放下；低下putdown3.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do 4.告诉某人不要去做tel

20、l sb. not to do5.做某事有问题/麻烦/困难have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth6.对感兴趣be interested in7.习惯于做某事be used to doing sth8.过去常常做某事used to do sth9.冒险take risks/a risk10.由于/因为+n./pron.because of11.处于险境in a dangerous situation12.处于困境in a difficult situation13.用尽，耗光run out (of)14.准备/乐于做某事be ready t

21、o do15.切除cut off16.如此以至于sothat17.以便于；为了so that/in order that18.离开；从.出来get out of19.做决定make decisions/a decision20.掌控，管理be in control of21.的重要性the importance of22.放弃give up23.用绷带包扎put a bandage on24.继续做某事keep on doing25.似乎/好像做某事seem to do【教材内容解析】Section A1. Whats the matter? (P. 1)Whats the matter意为“

22、怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了” 。可以表示“你怎么了？”的句子有： (1). _ (2). _ (3)._ (4). _ (5). _ (6). _2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有： 头痛 _；牙痛_；耳痛 _3. have a sore throat (P. 1) sore是形容词，意为“疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定语或表语。常见短语： 喉咙痛：_ 后背痛：_4. lie d

23、own and rest. (P. 2)(1). lie down意为“躺下”。【拓展1】lie用作动词可以表示 “躺” 或者 “位于”，还可以表示 “撒谎”。She is lying in bed with a bad cold. 英译汉_Beijing lies in the north of China. 英译汉_It is a bad habit to lie. 英译汉_【拓展2】lie及lay一词多义原形过去式过去分词现在分词lie（躺、位于）laylainlyinglie（撒谎）liedliedlyinglay（放置、下蛋）laid（laidlaying记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺

24、；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。(2). rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为 “休息”：_.例句：Lets stop working and have a rest.5. Maybe you have a fever.(P. 2)maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)need作动词时

25、，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式（to do）作宾语。You neednt go to the meeting too early. 判断划线词性（ ）A.情态动词；B.实义动词We need three more workers. 判断划线词性（ ）A.情态动词；B.实义动词He doesnt need to worry too much. 判断划线词性（ ）A.情态动词；B.实义动词7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (

26、P. without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。They left _ (with) saying goodbye. （用所给词的正确形式填空） We cant live _(with) air and water. （用所给词的正确形式填空）8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，可遵循三条原则： (1).主将从现：即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。 (2).主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用

27、一般现在时态。 (3).主情从现：即主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时态。 翻译句子：如果明天下雨，我将不会去公园。 _ 翻译句子：如果明天不下雨，我们会去野餐。 _ 翻译句子：如果你不擅长英语，你可以向老师寻求帮助。 _9. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3)(1). see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。翻译：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.(2). see sb do sth 看到

28、某人做了或经常做某事。翻译：I often see her dance in the park.10. The bus driver.stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3)(1). think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。翻译：You should think twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】think的相关短语think about 思考、考虑 ；think of 想起、认为；think over 仔细考虑11. He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3)(1). get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。翻译：Before getting off t