理科术语英文.docx

1、理科术语英文数学（107个）：词汇释义assume that假设approximation近似，近似值absolute value绝对值acute锐（角）adjacent angle邻角alternate angles内错角angle角area面积arithmetic sequence等差数列assumption假设asymptote渐近线at random随机地average平均的axis轴base底面，底数be inscribed in内接于binomial二项式circle圆circumference周长clockwise顺时针的common difference(等差数列的)公差com

2、mon divisor公约数common ratio(等比数列的)公比common multiple公倍数composite number合数cone圆锥congruent全等的constant不变的；常数coordinate坐标cube立方体cube root立方根cylinder圆柱体decimal小数diagonal对角线digit数字，位divide除divisible可整除的domain定义域eccentricity离心率elipse椭圆equilateral等边的even偶的expotent指数fraction分数function函数geometric sequence等比数列hy

3、perbola双曲线inequality不等式infinite无穷的integer整数intercept截距interior angle内角intersect相交irrational number无理数isosceles等腰的major axis长轴mean平均数median中数minor axis短轴minus减mode众数multiply乘negative负的number line数轴obtuse钝（角）odd奇的origin of coordinates原点parallel平行的parallelogram平行四边形perimeter周长perpendicular垂直的plus加polyn

4、omial多项式positive正的prime number质数probability概率product积proportion比例quadruple四倍的quotient商radian弧度radius半径range值域rational number有理数reciprocal倒数rectangle矩形right直(角）scalene不等边的，不等边三角形section截面sector扇形segment线段similar相似的slope斜率sphere球体square正方形square root平方根standard deviation标准差sum和tangent相切term项translate移

5、动trapezoid梯形triangle三角形triple三倍value值vector矢量vertex顶点物理（127个）词汇释义acceleration加速度anion阴离子ammeter安培表amplitude振幅band条,带bar条,带bombard轰击cation阳离子capacitor电容centripetal force向心力circuit电路coherent相干的coil线圈collision碰撞comet彗星convection对流converging lens凸透镜coulomb库仑critical angle临界角decay衰变deflecte偏转density密度dif

6、fraction衍射dilation伸长diminish减小discrete离散的，不连续的diverge分开，分岔diverging lens凹透镜elastic弹性的electric generator发电机electric motor电动机electromotive force(e.m.f.)电动势elctron capture电子捕获emission散发，发射entropy熵estimate估计excited state激发态exert施加expansion膨胀fiber optic光导纤维focal length焦距spring(or force) constant(弹簧的)倔强系数

7、frequency频率frictionless光滑无摩擦的gravity重力ground state基态half-life半衰期halve减半的horizontal水平的hydraulic jack液压千斤顶impinge撞击incident ray入射光index of refraction折射率induction current感应电流inertia惯性initial初始的interference干涉internal内部的isotope同位素kinetic energy动能latent heat潜热lever杠杆longitudinal wave纵波magnetic磁的magnetic f

8、lux磁通量magnify扩大magnitude大小mass质量matter wave物质波moment力矩momentum动量negligible可忽略的neutron中子nuclear fission核裂变nuclear fusion核聚变optic光学的oscillate振动，摇摆parabola抛物线parallel并联particle粒子pendulum钟摆permanent永久的photon光子pitch音高polarization偏振positron正电子potential energy势能power功率propagation传播proton质子pulley滑轮radioacti

9、ve放射性refracte折射relativity相对性resistor电阻rest静止revolution一周rigid刚性的scalar标量semiconductor半导体series串联sign（电量等的）符号simple harmonic motion简谐运动simultaneously同时地slit狭缝solenoid螺线管spectrum光谱，波谱speed速率sphere球体spring弹簧standing wave驻波superconductor超导体superimpose叠加tesla特斯拉(磁强单位)thermal热量的thermodynamics热力学torque转矩，扭

10、矩total reflection全反射transition跃迁transverse wave横波uniform均匀的velocity速度virtual image虚像voltage电压voltmeter电压表wavelength波长wave-particle duality波粒二象性化学（156个）：词汇释义acid酸activated complex活化络合物activation energy活化能aggregate聚合alkali metals碱金属alkaline earth metals碱土金属alkane烷烃alkene烯烃alkyne炔烃allotropy同素异形体alloy合金

11、aluminum铝ammonia氨amorphous非晶体amphoteric两性的anode阳极anomalous不规则的aqueous水溶液argon氩Avogadros law阿佛加德罗定律barium钡bauxite铝土矿bleaching漂白bond键boron硼brass黄铜bromine湨buret滴定管calcium钙calory卡路里carbohydrate碳水化合物carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbonate碳酸盐carboxylic acid羧酸catalyst催化剂cathode reaction阴极反应cellulose

12、纤维素chlorine氯chromium铬coefficient系数combination reaction化合反应combustion燃烧composition组成compound化合物concentrated浓的concentration浓度condensation冷凝covalent bond共价键cracking裂解crude oil原油crystal晶体deoxyribose脱氧核糖diatomic molecule双原子分子diffusion扩散dilute稀的displacement reaction置换反应distillation蒸馏double bonds双键dynamic

13、equilibrium动态平衡electrolysis电解elcetrolyte电解质electronic configuration电子排布element元素empirical formula经验式endothermic吸热的enthalpy焓erosion腐蚀ethanoic acid乙酸ethanol乙醇ethene乙烯evaporation蒸发exothermic放热的extraction提炼filtering过滤flame test焰色反应fluorine氟fractional distillation分馏freezing point凝固点glucose葡萄糖glycogen糖原gr

14、aphite石墨greenhouse effect温室效应Haber process哈伯法(制氨)halogen卤素helium氦homologous series同系物hydrocarbon烃hydrogen氢hydrogen chloride氯化氢hydrogen peroxide过氧化氢hydronium ion水合氢离子hydroxide氢氧根indicator指示剂iodine碘isomerism同素异形体le Chateliers principle勒沙特列原理lead铅limestone石灰石linear直线的lipid脂质，类脂lithium锂litmus石蕊magnesium

15、镁metalloid类金属methane甲烷methanoic acid甲酸methanol甲醇monomer单体neon氖neutralization中和nickel镍nitrate硝酸盐nitric acid硝酸nitrogen氮noble gases稀有气体oxide氧化物oxidation agent氧化剂ozone臭氧periodic table元素周期表permanganate高锰酸petroleum石油phenolphthalein酚酞phosphorus磷planar平面的platinum铂polar极性的polymer聚合物potassium钾precipitation沉淀p

16、ropane丙烷propanoic acid丙酸propanol丙醇propene丙烯pure substance纯净物reactive活泼的redox氧化还原reducing agent还原剂reversible reaction可逆反应shared paris of electrons共用电子对silicon硅sodium钠solvent溶剂starch淀粉sublime升华sulphate硫酸盐sulphur硫sulphuric acid硫酸suspension悬浮液tetrahedral四面体titration滴定torr托耳(压强单位)triple bonds三键van der Wa

17、als force范德华力volatile易挥发的zinc锌生物（289个）词汇释义accumulation积累adenine腺嘌呤adequate充分的aeration通气aerobic respiration有氧呼吸alga (algae)藻类allele等位基因amino acid氨基酸Amphibia两栖纲anaerobic厌氧的angiosperm被子植物Annelida环节动物门apical meristem顶端分生组织appendage附属物,附肢aquatic水生的arctic tundra北极苔原arithmetical算术的Arthropoda节足动物artificial人

18、工的assortment(染色体)分配atmospheric大气的autosomal常染色体的autotroph自养生物baldness谢顶,秃头bass鲈鱼bile胆汁biome生物群落blastula囊胚boreal taiga寒带针叶林brine海水cambrium形成层carbon dioxide二氧化碳catalyze催化centipede蜈蚣centrifuge离心cerebellum小脑cerebral cortex大脑皮层chamber室,腔characteristic特征chicken pox水痘chitin几丁质chloroghyll叶绿素chloroplast叶绿体Cho

19、radata脊索动物门chromatid染色单体chromosome染色体churn搅拌circulatory system循环系统class纲codominant共显性Coelenterata腔肠动物门community群落conditioning条件反射conjugation接合consumer消费者crayfish螯虾cross杂交cultivate种植cytochrome C细胞色素Ccytosine胞嘧啶decomposer分解者dehydration脱水detoxify解(毒),清除dicot双子叶植物digestive tract消化道disjunction分离diversity

20、多样性dominant显性的;显性性状dorsal背部的earthworm蚯蚓ectoderm外胚层embryo胚胎endoderm内胚层endoplasmic reticulum (ER)内质网enzyme酶epidermis表皮equilibrium平衡erosion腐蚀eutrophication营养性生长过度,富营养化evaporate蒸发excessive过度的excrement粪便excretion排泄物excretory排泄的exhaustion极度疲劳exponential指数的extinction灭绝facilitate促进,推动family(分类学里的)科fermentat

21、ion发酵fern蕨类植物fertile能生育的fertilize受精,施肥flavin核黄素fluctuate变化,波动fungus (fungi)真菌fusion融合,聚变galactose半乳糖gamete配子gastrula原肠胚genetic drift遗传漂移genetics遗传学genotype基因型genus(分类学里的)属geologic地质的glucose葡萄糖glycogen糖原glycolysis糖酵解grasshopper蝗虫growth ring年轮guanine鸟嘌呤gymnosperm裸子植物habituation习惯化haploid单倍体hawk鹰,隼hay干

22、草(饲料)hemoglobin血红蛋白heron鹭heterotroph异养生物heterozygous杂合的homeostasis体内平衡hoof蹄hormone激素hydrogen bond氢键hydrolysis水解imprinting印记inbreeding近亲繁殖incorporate包含,合并inheritance遗传insight顿悟insulin胰岛素intake吸入interbreed杂交intestine肠ionization电离kidney肾kindom界lactase乳糖酵素lactic acid乳酸lactos乳糖layer层legume豆科植物lethal致死的li

23、kely可能的liver肝lizard蜥蜴lobster龙虾locomotion移动,运动lysosome溶酶体mammal哺乳动物mammalian哺乳动物的maple枫树measles麻疹mechanically机械地medulla oblongata延髓meiosis减数分裂mesoderm中胚层mesophyll叶肉metabolic新陈代谢的methane甲烷，沼气migrate迁移,移居mineral矿物质mitochondrion(mitochondria)线粒体mitosis有丝分裂Mollusca软体动物门monera原核生物界monocot单子叶植物monosacchari

24、de单糖moss苔藓moth蛾multiple多种的mutation突变mutualistic共生的nerve神经nervous神经的,紧张的neurotransmitter神经递质niche地方,位置nitrogen氮nitrogen fixation固氮作用nitrogenous base含氮碱基(嘌呤,嘧啶等)nuclear membrane核膜nucleotide核苷酸nucleus (nuclei)细胞核nutrient营养物,营养的oak橡树octopus章鱼offspring后代olfactory bulb嗅球ominivore杂食动物order(分类学里的)目organell细胞器oscillate摆动，波动ovum (ova)卵子oxidize氧化oxygen氧ozone臭氧paramecium草履虫parasite寄生物parthenogenesis单性生殖pasture牧场pepsin胃蛋白酶pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原peptide bond肽键peristalsis蠕动phagocytosis呑噬pheromone外激素,信息素phloem韧皮部phosphorus磷phosphorylation磷酸化photosynthesis光合作用phy