江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题.docx

1、江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题第三讲信息概括题考点突破信息概括题，要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行（栏）的标题，考查考生概括与推断的能力。解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案，必须 根据文章内容，对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。典例（2017 江苏卷）Population ChangeWhy is the worlds population growing ? The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have

2、 been reproducing like rabb让s, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900, people died at the average age of 3O.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics

3、 show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore, around 50% of the worlds population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub

4、replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the worlds people now live in such nations), but youd be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work

5、 force within a few decadesA great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic gro

6、wth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite troubleRussia is another country with population problems that could break 让s economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed officia

7、l figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends doift bend, Russias population will be abo

8、ut the size of Yemens by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in hig

9、hly educated urban areas.In total、 25% of Indias working-age population has no education.In 2030, a sixth of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducatedOne solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA , it is almost unique among developed nations i

10、n having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030.Moreover, the USA has a track record ofFupulMiui CkmgiDecliie ol the birth ratePopulltiofi and(U) preKHMreAmericm solttion【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了世界人口变化的趋势及其原因, 并分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。71.lower 信息概括题。根据第一段最后一句中的declining birth rate could be a definin

11、g one of the 21st与第二段第一句 Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.可矢口 , 21世纪的出生率要比以前低很多,故答案为lower。72.size/scale 信息概括题。根据第二段的 almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate ” 禾口Declining birth rate is

12、a major problem.work force within a few decades.，可知,发达国家保持现有的人口规模也是困难73ammediate 信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句中的which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades 可知,在发展中国家，出生率下降的影响是灾难性的，但不会立即显现出来，而要等到几十年之后,故答案为immediateo 74.economic 信息查找题。根据第三段最后一句 u Second z ifother factors such

13、as technology.this could invite trouble以 及第四段第句Russia is another country with populationpromise. 可以看出人口problems that could break its economic与经济的发展是密不可分的,人口出生率的下降也必将给绎济的发慝带来圧力a 175.old/older 信息转换题。根据第三段第一句中的“A greatdecline in young work force is likely to occur in China可矢口 , 中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄

14、化,古攵答案为old/older。76.earlier 信息转换题。根据第四段中的people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961可矢口，俄罗斯人的寿命 比1961年短了许多，即很多人早逝,故答案为earlier。77.1iving/life 信息概括题。根据第四段中对俄罗斯人的不良 饮食习惯和酗酒的描述可以看出，他们的生活方式需要改 变。way of living/life “生活方式”。78.equality 信息概括题。根据第五段中对于E卩度人口出生率 以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论： 印度若能实现公

15、民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大 幅度增长。equality “平等”，符合文意。79.immigration 信息查找题。根据最后一段第一句“Onesolution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.by 20% from 2010-2030.” 可知,通过移民这种 方法美国在2010年至2030年中将使人口增加20%.pensate 信息概括题。根据最后一段的最后一句“As a result it，s likely to see a rise.growth over the longer term.n 可知，移民可能会带来劳动力人口的增加和经济的迅速增解题技巧|解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词 的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性， 量体裁衣，大小适度；醒目性，简洁。本节内容结束