雅思写作中因果关系如何表达.docx

1、雅思写作中因果关系如何表达雅思写作中因果关系如何表达？1、becauseof:because后接的是一个句子(主谓宾);becauseof后一般直接跟名词。例如:Becauseoftheincreasingnumberofmachineandaswenotedbefore,machinesmagnifyhumaneffortthenanyoneusingamachinecangetahigherwagethananyonenotusingamachine。2、as/since(除了“因为“外,还有”自从”的意思,使用时要注意避免歧义)hoursspentoncommuting,trafficj

2、ams,andfightsforparkingshoulddiminish,sinceworkersmakefewerjourneysorworkstaggeredhoursUnfortunately,asthenumberofpeoplelivinginthecityincreases,sodothedifferentproblemsassociatedwithpopulationgrowth。(注意此句中的so不表示“所以”,而是“也”的意思)3、thanksto(positivesituations通常适用于结果好的时候)thankstonewtechnology,itseasierth

3、anevertoworkremotely。dueto(negativesituations通常使用与结果不好的时候)owingto/attributableto/onaccountofDueto/onaccountofextremeweatherconditions,damagetopropertyoccurs。4、当原因需要的表达较多时,我们还可以把以上表达改写为原因状语从句,使用thankstothefactthat/duetothefactthat/owingtothefactthat或者onthegroundsthat,willwelivelongermerelyduetothefac

4、tthat/onthegroundsthattechnology,ifimplementedproperly,willtakestressawayfromourlives5、causedby/resultfrom也表原因manycaraccidentswereresultedfrom/causedbyalackofguardrailsSo系列(表结果)1、thus/therefore/thereby/hencethus:表示inthis/thatwayAsacountrydevelops,itscitiesbecometheenginesofdevelopment,thusjobsareava

5、ilableintheseareas。therefore:表示forthisreason/becauseofthisorthattherefore,theinfluenceofthepeergroupisimportantbothforonesowncompetenceandfortherelativeevaluationoftheprocessitself,giventhatoneseesoneselfinrelationtoothers。thereby:bythatmeans,asaresultofthatInsomecountries,reducedbudgetshaveledtothe

6、eliminationofbusingsystems,therebyincreasingtheuseofcarsandthecongestiontheycreate。hence:表示fromthis/thatDrinkinglotsofwaterishealthyandreducingplasticwasteisgreatfortheenvironment。hence,trendyreusablewaterbottlesthatyoucanrefillyourselfarehealth-promoting,eco-friendly,andgreen。 2、Asaresult/Asaconseq

7、uenceAsaresult,thosepeoplewhowereindoorshadmuchlighterskin,whichmeansthatwhiterskinisnowassociatedwithhavingahigherstatusthandarkskin。Asaconsequence,environmentalhealthmustaddressthesocietalandenvironmentalfactorsthatincreasethelikelihoodofexposureanddisease。3、consequently/accordinglyconsequently更偏重

8、因果逻辑;accordingly更偏重后续解决waterpollutionaffectsdrinkingwater,rivers,lakesandoceansallovertheworld。thisconsequentlyharmshumanhealthandthenaturalenvironment。Someofthelawswerecontradictory。Accordingly,measuresweretakentoclarifythem。cause系列(表结果)1、cause(v.)引起theamountofgarbageproducedbythepeoplealsoincrease

9、swhichcausessanitarylandfillstofillupfaster。2、leadto/resultin导致注意这里是resultin,后跟结果,前面提到的resultfrom后面跟的是原因。thesocietysattitudetofoodoftenleadstoover-consumption。3、bringabout:tocausetotakeplace引起,带来(注意使用时更倾向于“带来“这个意思)theinternettechnologiesthathavebroughtaboutsomuchsocialchangewerescarcelyimaginablejus

10、tdecadesbeforetheyappeared。4、sparkoff引发、引爆,具体指引发比较严重的后果、冲突等(=trigger/activate),或指”点燃“(=inspire)Sparkoffaseriesofproblems/achainofeventsrelatedtotheycansparkoffeachotherstalents、affect系列(影响到)1、Affect/influencemorelikelythannot,gettingavehiclefrompoint“A”topoint“B”involvescombustionofafossilfuel,aproc

11、essthatemitsgassesandaffectstheenvironmentandtheozonelayer。peoplesbehaviorisinfluencedbycircumstancesandevents,friendsandfamily,education,jobprospects,income,housingandenvironment。2、impacton对产生影响(impact一般做名词使用,也可以作为动词)overthelastfewdecades,therehasbeenatremendousgrowthininformationtechnology,whichca

12、nimpactonoureverydaylife。3、giveriseto使发生 thedecreaseinthenumberofbicyclesandcarsmightgiverisetoanothernewsetofproblems。名词系列(因果)1、cause(ofsth。)/reason原因obesitycanbedividedintothreemaincauses–diet,lifestyleandeducation。thousandsofpeoplemigratetothecitiesnotonlyforjobsbutalsoforeducationalandpers

13、onalreasons。2、result(forsth。)/effect结果thisisadifficultproblemwithmanyseriouseffectsontheindividualandcountry。Anotherresultislackofself-esteem。3、causality因果关系(causeandeffect)causation原因thecorrelationbetweenpopulationandhousingpricedoesnotindicatedcausality,onlytheassociation。这里的causality也可以换成:causale

14、ffect(因果效应)Suchacausality-driven,prevention-focusedapproachtohomicideandotherseriouscrimewouldrevolutionizeourconceptionofcriminaljustice,movingfromtheimpositionof“justdeserts”totheenlightenedpursuitofalessviolentsociety。4、impact/influence影响thisareaisoftenoverlookedbuthasatremendousimpactonyourlifeF

15、riendshaveabiginfluenceonthewaythatweusesocialmediafromunwrittenrulestobuyingdecisionsandsomuchmore。形容词系列(因果)表示因果的形容词不是很常用,使用时多和factor,element结合1、causal原因的,因果的Lowincomeandelderlyareamongthepotentialcausalfactorsofprevalenceofobesityamongadults2、consequential结果的,随之发生的measuresotherthanratingswillprovemoreconsequential3、influential影响的,有影响力的(大多数情况下使用第二个意思)Familyisthemostinfluentialfactoronhappiness。