最新中考动词的语态语法.docx

1、最新中考动词的语态语法中考动词的语态语法1、常见的被动语态结构时态结构时态一般现在时Am/is/are+doneThis kind of car is made in China.一般过去时Was/were+doneThe flying disk was invented by college students.一般将来时Will/shall+be doneThe bridge will be finished in a month. 含情态动词情态动词+be+doneThese books can be put in the empty box.进行时态Am/is/are being don

2、e现在完成时态Have/has been done过去进行时Was/were being done过去完成时态Had been done2、主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear，see，notice）和使役动词（如：make，let）后不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式to还原，即hear ab do sth变为sb be heard to do sth; make sb do sth变为sb be made to do sth3、使用被动语态的情况1、不知道动作的执行者是谁This watch was made in China.2、没有必要

3、指出动作的执行者Many trees should be planted every year.3、需要强调和突出动作的承受着Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4、句子的主语是物Many houses were washed away by the flood.4、主动结构表示被动意义的情况1、open，look，write，read，sell，clean，cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动语态This kind of pen writes very smoothly.

4、2、look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表示被动意义The flower smells sweet.3、be worth doing用主动形式表示被动意义The movie is worth watching.4、want/need/require/+doing相当于want/need/require +to be done, to be done 为不定式的被动结构Your bedroom needs cleaning right now.=your bedroom needs to be cleaned right now.5、短语表示被动：be taken ca

5、re of、be caught up with6、带双宾的谓语动词表被动如：she give me a book.变为 i was given a book.或者a book was given to me.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解 One day, while I was waiting for my father, I saw a little boy, around two years old, running freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short distance. The boy had a big

6、 smile on his face as if he had just been set free from some sort of prison(监狱) . The boy would then fall to the grass, get up, without looking back at his mother, run as fast as he could, again, still with a smile on his face, as if nothing had happened. At that moment, I thought to myself, Why are

7、nt most adults this way? Most adults, when they fall down, make a big deal out of it and dont even make a second attempt. They would be so embarrassed that they would not try again if someone saw them fall. Or, because they fall, they would find a good excuse for themselves that theyre not fit for i

8、t. They would end up being too afraid to attempt again for fear of failure(失败) . However, with kids, when they fall down, they dont consider their falling down as a failure, instead, they treat it as a learning experience. They try again and again until they succeed. The answer must be that they hav

9、e not connected falling down with the word failure. Whats more, they probably think to themselves that its quite okay to fall down and that its not wrong to do so. In other words, they allow themselves to make mistakes, so they remain energetic. I was deeply impressed by the boys persistence(坚持不懈) a

10、nd the manner in which he did.（1）What did the little boy do when he fell down? A.He cried and lay on the grass.B.He asked his mother for help.C.He got up and went on running.D.He got up and stood there crying.（2）In the writers opinion, what might the little boy regard his falling down as? A.A failur

11、e.B.A joke.C.An interesting game.D.A learning experience.（3）In the writers opinion, why cant many adults succeed? A.Because they are afraid of being embarrassed.B.Because they cant find a good excuse.C.Because once they fail, they wont attempt again.D.Because they dont allow themselves to make mista

12、kes.（4）The underlined word attempt in Paragraph 2 means . A.尝试B.放弃C.面对D.怀疑（5）What does the writer want to tell us? A.Practice makes perfect.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.All roads lead to Rome.D.Each coin has two sides.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）A（5）B 【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述的是作者的一次观察男孩跌倒后自由奔跑所得到的启示。在我们成长过程中，

13、我们不能从容面对失败和困难，而变得虚伪和恐惧，我们需要真实的自我和面对失败的勇气。（1）细节理解题。根据句中第一段第三句：“The boy would then fall to the grass, get up, without looking back at his mother, run as fast as he could, again.可知，小男孩时不时地跌倒，爬起来。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据However, with kids, when they fall down, they dont consider their falling down as a failure,

14、instead, they treat it as a learning experience.可知对于孩子们来说，当他们跌倒时，他们不认为跌倒是个失败，相反，他们把它当作一次学习经历。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据Most adults, when they fall down, make a big deal out of it and dont even make a second attempt. 大部分的成年人，当他们失败的时候只会小题大做，甚至不愿意再做第二次尝试。故选C。（4）词义猜测题。根据They would be so embarrassed that they would

15、 not try again.大部分的成年人，当他们失败的时候只会觉得尴尬，不愿意再做第二次尝试。故选A。（5）主旨大意题。从全文中可以看出作者对于失败是很乐观的，失败了可以当做一次学习的机会，以后再尝试。再就是端正态度，失败是不可避免的，要想得通。故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。2阅读理解 Once there was a little stream (小溪). It flowed down from a high mountain and travelled throug

16、h many villages and forests. At last it reached a desert. “I went through so many difficulties. I should have no problem crossing the desert, she thought. As she started, she found herself slowly disappearing into the sand. After many tries, she still failed. “Maybe I cant reach the ocean,” she said

17、 sadly to herself. At this time, a deep voice said, “If a breeze (微风) can cross the desert, so can a stream.” It was the voice of the desert. But the little stream answered, “Thats because a breeze can fly, but I cannot.” “Thats because you cant give up what you are. Let yourself evaporate (蒸发) into

18、 the breeze, and it can take you across,” said the desert. “Give up what I am now? No! No!” The little stream could not accept this idea. “The breeze can carry the vapor (蒸汽) across the desert and let it leave as rain. The min will form a river again,” said the desert. “And whether youre a river or

19、vapor, your nature never changes.” Hearing this, the little stream went into the open arms of the breeze. It carried her to the next stage of her life. The course of our lives is like the experience of the little stream. If you want to go through difficulties in your life to head for success, you sh

20、ould also change the way you are.（1）How did the little stream feel at first when she reached the desert?A.Cheerful.B.Worried.C.Afraid.D.Confident.（2）Why did the little stream refuse the desert s advice?A.Because she didnt believe the desert.B.Because she didnt like the breeze.C.Because she wasnt abl

21、e to fly.D.Because she didnt want to give up her shape.（3）How did the little stream cross the desert finally?A.By evaporating into the breeze.B.By forming a river.C.By disappearing into the sand.D.By changing her nature.（4）What can we learn from the story?A.Be more confident when we meet some diffic

22、ulties.B.We shouldnt change our mind whatever others say.C.If we accept useful advice when we are in trouble, we will succeed.D.If we try to work hard, we will succeed at last.【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文讲述的是一条小溪在过沙漠的时候，遇见了困难。最后在沙漠的建议下，改变了自己的形态，变成了水蒸气，在风的帮助下，最后越过了沙漠。并把这一过程与人生进行了比较！(1)理解判断题。cheer

23、ful“高兴的”；worried“担忧的”；afraid“害怕的”；confident“自信的”。由第一段中I should have no problem crossing the desert, she thought.可知小溪在到达沙漠时，开始时很有自信。故选D。(2)理解判断题。由第三段中的“Give up what I am now? No! No!”可知小溪不像放弃她现在的形态。故选D。(3)细节理解题。由 Hearing this, the little stream went into the open arms of the breeze. 可知小溪接受了沙漠的建议，变成了水

24、蒸气。故选A。(4)主旨大意题。通过这个故事我们学习到。当我们面临困难时，如果我们能接受游泳的建议，我们就会成功。故选C。3阅读理解 The human body is a machine that can raise lots of interesting questions. Why, for example, are yawns (呵欠) contagious (传染的)? Whats up with ice-cream headaches? Here are answers to these and other questions about our bodies. Why do I

25、get a headache when I eat ice cream too quickly? Scientists arent exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other super cold foods too quickly, though some believe its the result of changed blood .flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss

26、 of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things. What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when Im hungry?

27、 Actually, your stomach makes noise whether youre hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when youre hungry. Think of your digestive tract(消化道)as a really long tube lined with smooth muscle tissue. These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. _. It can make you feel em

28、barrassed(尴尬的)but is nothing to worry about. Why do I blush when Im embarrassed? When youre embarrassed, your brain releases a shot of adrenaline(肾上腺素), which makes your heart race and blood vessels become larger in size. All this happens to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the bod

29、y in a fight-or-flight reaction(对抗反应). There are a lot of tiny blood vessels in your face, which turn noticeably redder from this sudden rush of blood. As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out. Why are yawns contagious? Have you ever yawned in front o

30、f someone, only to have them yawn right back? Its a common thing, but researchers dont have a good explanation for it. They do, however, know this happens only with humans and chimpanzees(黑猩猩). A bigger question puzzling scientists is why we yawn at all. It used to be thought that yawning showed that oxygen to the brain was not enough, but thats just a myth. A growing body of research now shows that yawning is natures way of keeping our brains cool.（1）What is the me