高考英语最后冲刺每日提升系列共30天第07天 非谓语动词.docx

1、高考英语最后冲刺每日提升系列共30天第07天 非谓语动词 1不定式作状语不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结

2、果)2现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见

3、的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.3独立主格结构作状语如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语。(1)名词/主格代词现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。The girl s

4、taring at him(As the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say.女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。(2)名词/主格代词过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The problems solved(As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。(3)名词/主格代词不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。He is going to make a model plane，some ol

5、d parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。(4)with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。4非谓语动

6、词作主语(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)5非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作

7、。6非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟

8、动名词作宾语。(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做别的事7动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格。Do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意

9、我看你的考卷吗？8作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。 完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。(2)They couldnt stand being treated like that.他们不能忍受被那样对待。(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。9不定式作定语表未来

10、的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)I have something important to say.(动宾关系)He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)10动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading room( a room for reading)11现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed (which is being discuss

11、ed) now is important.12过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。The question discussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important.13advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go ou

12、t at night.14make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.15感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。16非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加

13、not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.17不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。The pat

14、ient asked to be operated on at once.18动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.19现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式

15、。Having done his homework，he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.例1、The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C. to th

16、row D. to be thrown 例3、I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意“那天我早到了办公室，（因为）赶上了7:30那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。”catch发生在got之前，应该用完成式，having caught表示原因，相当于because引导的原因状语从句。故选D。例4、There are some health problems tha

17、t, when _in time, can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not having been treated句的主语，故选A。动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。此题主要分析好句子成分，判断好主句的谓语，做题时要注意找出每个个动词的主语，这样就不难判断了。比如此题中的三个动词，react的主语是others， have read的主语是you， 而只有creates没有主语，那么空白处就应是它的主语。例6、I got to the office e

18、arlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught例8、 the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found例10、 You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts. A. offering B. to o

19、ffer C. having offered D. offered【答案】D【解析】句意：你不能接受什么观点，除非它以事实为基础。动词offer的逻辑主语就是opinion，opinion和动词offer构成逻辑上的被动关系，表被动，用过去分词。例11、. The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light.A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed例12、If _ to look after luggage for someone else, info

20、rm the police at once.A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked例14、. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 【答案】C【解析】句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。例15、. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stan

21、d C. stands D. stood 【答案】A【解析】现在分词standing作bookshelf后置定语，表主动进行。例16、. The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed例18、. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _in daily conversations.A. usin

22、g B. to use C. having used D. used例20、The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone【答案】B。【解析】首先，seem之后常接不定式，表示“似乎怎么样了”，不接doing；其次，出问题是发生在seem之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。例21、 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I fell as

23、leep.A. having toldB. tellingC. toldD. to tell1（2014届江西省九所重点中学高三下学期3月联合考试英语试卷 ）The presidents report, a smile on his face, he continued, _ to several hot topics, discusses how to increase peasants incomeAreferring Brefers Chaving referred Dreferred2（2014届河南省偃师高级中学高三下学期第一次月考英语试卷 ）The living room is c

24、lean and tidy, with a dining table already_ for a meal to be cooked.A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid3（2014届河南省偃师高级中学高三下学期第一次月考英语试卷 ）I cant have you _ to your mother in a rude manner.A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken4（2014届福建省龙岩市高三毕业班教学质量检查英语试卷 ）Peter has treated himself to too much

25、 delicious food， his sharp increase in weightA. accounting for B. appealing to C. bringing in D. allowing for5（2014届福建省龙岩市高三毕业班教学质量检查英语试卷 ）Inspired by the seniors in college and his own responsbilities，Dick is determined to work harderA. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognized D. being recognized6

26、（2014届辽宁省瓦房店高级中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷 ）March 5 marks the 50th anniversary of the “learning from Lei Feng Day”, a day_ in honor of the Chinese soldier Lei Feng.A. being named B. having named C. named D. to be named7（2014届辽宁省瓦房店高级中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷 ）With more people keeping pets, a growing number of conflicts_ p

27、ets have been taken to court in Shanghai.A. concerned B. to concern C. being concerned D. concerning8（2014届浙江省“六市六校”联盟高考模拟考试英语试卷 ）We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting, only _ that the plane would be delayed until midnight.A. to be told B. having told C. to have been told D. told9（201

28、4届浙江省“六市六校”联盟高考模拟考试英语试卷 ）Put everything _to you in your bag, not others.A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong10（2014届江西省六校高三下学期联考英语试卷 ）The poor child stood there, and _ what to do, turned to his father for help. A. not knowing B. not knew C. not to know D. not know11（2014届福建永春一中培元中学季延中学石狮

29、联中高三上第二次联考英语卷 ） with College Entrance Exam slogans, the walls of the classroom look betterAHaving decorated BBeing decorated CTo be decorated DDecorated12（2014届福建永春一中培元中学季延中学石狮联中高三上第二次联考英语卷 ）You may imagine what great difficulty I had _ complicated ideas in simple English.Aexpressing Bto express Cex

30、pressed Dexpress13（2014届重庆市南开中学高三1月月考英语试卷 ）In Europe unemployment hit a new record with young people _ it harder to get jobsAto find Bfinding Chaving found Dfound14（2014届重庆市南开中学高三1月月考英语试卷 ）- What has made him upset recently?- _ alone to face a troublesome caseALeft BBeing left CHaving left DTo leave15（2014届山东省菏泽市高三3月模拟考试英语试卷 ）_ to be a football player of the school team, the boy made up his mind to train even harder.A. Having not chosen B. Being not chosenC. Not having been chosen D. Having not been chosen16（2014