高中英语教材知识梳理必修一 Unit 4.docx

1、高中英语教材知识梳理必修一 Unit 4Unit 4Earthquakes.单词语境记忆1ruin the crop毁坏庄稼2destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市3rescue him from the fire 从大火中救出他4bury oneself in books 埋头读书5judge a book by its cover 凭封面判断一本书6be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中7bring great sufferings to sb 给带来了巨大痛苦8cause great damage to many old buildings 对许多旧建筑

2、造成了巨大的破坏.词性转换与派生记忆1burst vi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发2nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的nationality n国籍3shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的4injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的5express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n表达；表情6congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺7sinc

3、erely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的.单词趣味串记1On hearing the result of the match，she burst out crying while there was a burst of laughter in the next room.听到比赛的结果，她突然哭了起来，而隔壁房间里传来一阵笑声。2The storm ruined the crops，and the whole village was almost in ruins after the hurricane.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼，整个村子在飓风过后几乎变成了废墟。3A

4、fter seeing the frightening film，the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.看了那部可怕的电影后，那个吓坏了的男孩吓得不敢独自一人在黑暗中独自走回家。4As soon as the cat is trapped，completely cover the trap and remove the trap from the area.一旦那只猫被困住，完全地把圈套盖住而且把圈套从区域移开。联想记忆1盘点合成名词(n.n.)earthquake地震bookmark 书签ba

5、sketball 篮球website 网站homework 家庭作业2“自然灾害”相关单词一览disaster n. 灾难；不幸earthquake n. 地震drought n. 旱灾；干旱eruption n. (火山)喷发hurricane n. 飓风3表示“程度”的副词集锦extremely 极度地entirely 完全地completely 完全地；彻底地perfectly 完美地4聚焦ing/ed结尾的形容词短语背诵1right away立刻；马上2think little/nothing of 以为没什么了不起3at an end 结束；终结4in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪

6、5dig out 掘出；发现6a (great) number of 许多；大量的7be proud of 以而自豪8judging from 从判断9be trapped in 陷入10be buried in 埋头于词块积累1as usual 和往常一样2rescue workers 救援工人3come out of the cracks 从裂缝中出来4look for places to hide 寻找藏身之处5fall down 掉落下来6to the north of the city 在该城市的北方7a letter of invitation 一封邀请信8give a speec

7、h 发表演讲9express ones thanks to 向表达谢意1It seemed as if the world was at an end！好像世界末日到了！2Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。3Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切几乎都被毁了。4All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5The

8、 man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。.单词拼写1He opened the newspaper and had a look through the headlines(大字标题)2Jack left the job after ten years because he was beginning to feel trapped(使陷入困境)3The public was shocked(震惊) by an incident in which a man lifted a bab

9、y girl and threw her to the ground.4San Francisco lay in ruins(废墟) even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.5This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难) ever to hit the area.6After rescuing(营救)the passengers in the bus，they left.7With so many miners buried(掩埋) under the

10、 mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.8His house was completely destroyed(破坏) in the earthquake.9You should make an outline(大纲) before trying to write a composition.10The first thing he did was (to) find shelter(掩蔽处) from the freezing wind and snow.词性变化练习1It is useless(use) disc

11、ussing the matter with him.He wont change his mind.2Her family was extremely(extreme) poor and all she had was one pair of shoes.3Her astonished expression(express)suggested that she hadnt expected that result.4Dont forget to praise them sincerely(sincere) when someone does something good.5He went t

12、hrough a lot of sufferings(suffer) before new China was founded.6Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby，but fortunately the injury was not serious，not life threatening.(injure)7The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulatio

13、ns encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)8He was shocked at the shocking news，for I could see his shocked look on his face.(shock).选词填空a number of，judging from，dig out，think little of，at an end，be trapped in，be buried in，in ruins1My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.2I was_trap

14、ped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.3When I came in，he was_buried_in playing computer games in his study.4The guy is always making phone calls to her，but she thinks_little_of him.5The strong earthquake left the city in_ruins merely in several seconds.6Having consulted a_number_of bo

15、oks about the subject in the library，he went into the room，ready to give the audience a wonderful speech.7Judging_from his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.8As the farmer ploughed the field，he dug_out a pot of jewelry.补全句子1A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and

16、 laughing loudly.It_seemed/looked_as_if they were the only people in the world.一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着。看起来好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。2She ran away and left_her_boyfriend_in_the_rain alone.她跑开了，留下她的男友一个人在雨中。3Everywhere_he_went，he received a warm welcome.无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。4Not_all_body_language_means/All_body_languag

17、e_doesnt_mean the same thing in different countries，such as nodding.并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思，例如点头。5Jack was_doing_some_shopping_in_the_supermarket_when the earthquake happened.杰克正在超市中购物，突然发生了地震。 核心要点突破1burst (burst，burst) vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发(1)burst in/into闯入；突然破门而入(2) 突然哭起来/笑起来单句语法填空He burst into the

18、room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.She burst out crying(cry) for a while，and burst into laughter(laugh) for another moment，which left us at a loss.佳句背诵 Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmates face turned red.(湖北高考书面表达)听到这，全班哄堂大笑，我同桌的脸变红了。名师指津 短语burst

19、 in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into后接宾语。2ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途单句语法填空/一句多译With time going on，the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的

20、机会。He made a mistake，which_ruined_his_chance_of_going_abroad(定语从句)He made a mistake，ruining_his_chance_of_going_abroad(分词作状语)佳句背诵 If youre addicted to computer games，youll ruin yourself.玩电脑游戏成瘾，你会毁了自己。3bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏(1)埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面单句语法填空Because he buried hims

21、elf(he)in the film，he didnt know it was snowing outside.Buried(bury) in his study，he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying(bury) himself in his study，he wasnt aware that all the others had left.佳句背诵 Though buried in books these days，I have still joined several student clubs in order to im

22、prove myself.(2017天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我忙于学习，但我还是加入了几家学生俱乐部以提高自己。4judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 (1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断单句语法填空Judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we dont judge a book by/from its cover.佳句背诵 As far as I can jud

23、ge，the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.(2017江苏高考书面表达)我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。名师指津 judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。5at an end 结束；终结(1)at the end of在尽头；在末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于(2) 使结束come to an end 完成；结束单句语法填空Go straight and youll fin

24、d the hospital at the end of the road.The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.佳句背诵 The less the teacher does，the more the students do and the more they will learn.In the end they will become active learners rather than passive ones.(广东高考读写任务)老师做得越少，学生做得越多，他们学得越多。最终，他们将成为积极的学习者而不是被

25、动的学习者。6a (great) number of 许多；大量的(1)(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语(3)不可数名词(4)单句语法填空A great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.With more and more forests cut down，large quantities of soil are_being_washed(wash) away.佳句背诵 Ive heard that o

26、ur school library is planning to buy a number of new books.So I am writing to recommend some books.(浙江高考书面表达)我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置一批新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。名师指津 “large quantities/amounts ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。7as if引导状语从句或表语从句It seemed as if the world was at an end！(教材原句)好像世界末

27、日到了！as if(as though)“似乎，好像”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。(3)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。Paul looked out of the back window and saw the wolf standing over Macs bicycle as if it w

28、ere a kill.(2017浙江高考写作)保罗从后窗往外看，看见那只狼站在麦克的自行车旁边，就好像它是被杀死的动物一样。(虚拟语气)Hurry up！It looks as if the train is_going_to_move(陈述语气)快点！看起来火车要开了。Tom raised his right hand as if to_say(say) something.汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。8部分否定All hope was not lost.(教材原句)不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all.not. not all.，意为“并非所有的都”。All studen

29、ts dont obey the school rules，so as a teacher，I should be strict with them.Not_all students obey the school rules，so as a teacher，I should be strict with them.并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我应严格要求他们。(1)英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论n

30、ot位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。I agree with most of what you said，but I dont_agree_with_everything我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.谚世上无难事，只怕有心人。 考纲词汇专练.多义词专练根据语境选出shock的含义An.令人震惊的事Bn.休克Cvt.使触电 Dvt.使震惊1Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked. C 2It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. D 3