四川对口高考英语教案名词冠词教案.docx

1、四川对口高考英语教案名词冠词教案攀枝花市华森职业学校导学案内页教学过程学生活动和补充内容第一轮基础复习英语的词性共有十种：名词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、动词、形容词、副词和感叹词。本阶段是高职高考第一轮基础复习。主要涉及易发生错误和易影响句子理解的常见的名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、数词和动词等知识进行梳理和分析讲解。第一讲 名词 (Noun 缩写式为n.)从英语语法角度来讲，表示人、事物、地点、时间或抽象概念的词，我们通常称之为名词。如：teacher, desk, Japanese, milk等均为名词。一、名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名

2、词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。例如： 1）人名：Mary, Mrs Green, Zhanghua 2）地名：Beijing, West Lake 3）某类人的名称：Americans, Russians 4）某些抽象事物的名称：English, Chinese 5）月份、周日及节日名称：May, Saturday, Easter 6）书名、电影及诗歌的名称：Gone with the Wind 7）对家人等的称呼：Mum, Dad, Uncle Tom 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词指的是那些不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，这类名词在名词中占绝大多数

3、。例如，family, class, love, knowledge, life, chair, table等。普通名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。二、可数名词及不可数名词可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词，如table, chair, book等。不可数名词指的是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词，如water, information等词。2.1 常见的不可数名词weather 天气 information 信息 work 工作 news 新闻；消息 music 音乐 room 空间 bread 面包 advice 建议；忠告 space 空间 2.2 注意下列词语在不同含义下词性的

4、不同chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词） 鸡（可数名词）fish 鱼肉 （不可数名词） 鱼的种类（可数名词）room 空间（不可数名词） 房间（可数名词）orange 橙汁（不可数名词） 橙子（可数名词）glass 玻璃 （不可数名词） 杯子（可数名词）2.3 可数名词及不可数名词量的表示方法1两种名词都能修饰的数量词有：some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of等。 例如： Please give me some paper. 请给我一些纸。 I dont want to borrow any magazines. 我不想借什么杂志。 2用来修饰可数名词的数

5、量词有：many, several, some, a number of, a pair of, a few, few等。 例如： You have made quite a few spelling mistakes in your composition. 你的俄文中有很多拼写错误。 Several days later, a group of students went to help the old man. 几天以后，一群学生去帮助了那位老人。 3用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有：much, a great deal of, some, a piece of, a little, lit

6、tle等。 例如： I want a piece of red chalk. 我想要一支红粉笔。 Please give her a bit of bread. 请给她一点面包。 4. 不可数名词不能用a, an以及数词来表示量的多少，在英语中常借助于一个可数名词来表示不可数名词的量，例如：a cup of water/milk/tea 一杯水/奶/茶 a glass of water 一杯水 a bottle of water/milk/orange 一瓶水/牛奶/橙汁a piece of paper/meat/news/music/bread 一张纸/一块肉/一条消息/一段音乐/一片面包2

7、.4 可数名词复数的构成规则可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es，现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：情况 构成方法 例词 读音 1. 一般情况 在词尾加-sdeskdesks mapmaps -s在清辅音后发s音 daydays girlgirls -s在元音和浊辅音后发z 2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus buses boxboxes watchwatches fishfishes es发iz音 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties -ie

8、s发iz音 daydays boyboys keykeys -s发z音 4. 以f或fe 结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knifeknives lifelives wifewives halfhalves -ves发vz音 5. 以辅音字母加o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes hero heroes -es发z音 radioradios zoozoos -s发z音 单数复数同形的词有：sheep羊 fish鱼 deer鹿 people人，人们 police警察。通过变化单词中的字母变为复数形式的词有：manmen人，男人 womanwo

9、men妇女 policemanpolicemen男警察 policewoman-policewomen 女警察 mousemice老鼠，鼠标 toothteeth牙齿 child-children 孩子，儿童 footfeet脚，英尺。复合名词的复数形式：a man teachertwo men teachers a woman doctortwo women doctors三、名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childrens Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我

10、姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息), five minutes walk五分钟的步行，Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a friend of mine.我的一个朋友。 表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，一般使用与of构成的短语结构。 例如： the fr

11、ont door of the house 那屋子的前门 There is a map of the world on the back wall of our classroom.我们教室的后墙上有一张世界地图。注意： Toms and Jims + 复数名词, 意为“Tom和Jim分别所有的。” 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”, 称为双重所有格, 如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine (我的一

12、位朋友)名词专项 练 习一、写出下列词的复数 1.book_2.bus_3.orange_ 4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.city_ 7.man _8.knife_9.watch_10.sheep_11.tooth_12.leaf _13.German_14.Chinese_15.house _二、选择正确的答案( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please

13、give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. Any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and

14、Lilys( ) 5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( ) 6.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend( ) 7.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minute

15、s C. minutes D. minute( ) 8.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 9.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( ) 10.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B

16、. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( ) 11.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( ) 12.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( ) 13.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paper C. the to

17、days paper D. todays paper( ) 14.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( ) 15.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factories C. factoryes D. factorys( ) 16.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss(

18、 ) 17.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( ) 18.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( ) 19.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. womans teacher( )20.The thr

19、ee _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs第二讲专题复习冠词冠词概述：冠词有定冠词the和不定冠词a 、an两种：1. 不定冠词的基本用法：（1）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前；（2）用于第一次提到的人或者事物名称前。I saw a boy over there.(3)用来指一类人或者事物中的任何一个。相当于any.I want to buy an English book.(4)指不明确的某个人或者物。A man is waiting for you a

20、t the gate.(5) 不定冠词含有“”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.(6)a+序数词；表示“又一，再一”The cake is delicious,and I would like a second one.(7)用在such,quite,rather,half,what等词之后（8）用在某些固定词组中catch/have/getacold感冒takeaseat参加考试makealiving谋生have a good time 玩的高兴makeamistake犯错误2. 定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些

21、）事物。Do you know the boy in red?（2）指双方都知道的人或事物 Give me the book.(3）指上文提到的人或事物。(4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。(6) 用于乐器前面。Play the piano(7）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，通常用复数。the rich the poor, the o

22、ld; the young(8)用在姓氏前指一家人或者夫妇。The Smiths(9)用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级前。（10）与某些名词所有格连用时表示“在处”at the doctors(11)用于一些固定结构All the time总是 at the same time 同时 in the end 最终 by the way 顺便一说3零冠词的用法（1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. （2）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green (3）. 在星期、月份，季节等名词前；Sunda

23、y March summer winter (4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this， my，that， those， these， her)如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等(5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast play chess play basketball (注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)(6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus by train by

24、car by air by bike by plane （注意 如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具 必须用a 或an 来表示 如 in a bus on a bike 等）(7）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)随堂小练1. _ warm idea suddenly came to me that

25、I might use _ pocket money to buy a gift for my father on Fathers Day.A. A; the B. The; the C. The; / D. /; the2. _ old man behind Mary is _ university teacher.A. An; an B. A; the C. The; a D. The; an 备考英语冠词考点归纳 不定冠词大总结 通过不定冠词的总结复习，掌握其五大考点。考点1：区分a/ an考点2：基本用法：“泛指/每/一/类”考点3：特殊用法：a/ an + 序数词 = “又一， 再一

26、”a n. and n. （一体） vs. a n. and a n.（两者）考点4：a/ an固定词组考点5：a/an 在句中的位置：such, what, many, half 后1. - What is Mr. Liu? -He is _.A. a poet and novelist B. a poet and a novelist C. poet and novelist D. the poet and novelist2. -Would you like to have _ walk with me after dinner? -Sure.A. a B. an C. the D. /

27、备战中考英语冠词考点归纳定冠词基本用法归纳归纳总结并掌握中考定冠词的基本用法。the表特指旧事重提你知我知表示一类only序数最高级1. -Where may you advise me to start my business?-In my opinion, Yichang is _ one of _ best places for you.A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /2. Today is _ Sunday. It is _ first day of _ week.A. the; the; the B. a; the; the C. /;

28、the; a D. /; a; the备战中考英语冠词考点归纳定冠词特殊用法归纳归纳总结并掌握中考定冠词的特殊用法。大好山河独一无二普名变专年代年龄弹奏乐器姓复一家1. He was born in _, so he is in _.A. the 1980; his twenties B. the 1980; twentiesC. eighties; his twenty D. the 1980s; his twenties2. It is said that _ moves around _.A. the sun; a earth B. the sun; the earth C. a ear

29、th; a sun D. the earth; the sun备战中考英语冠词考点归纳定冠词词组句型大汇总归纳总结并学会应用定冠词的词组及句型。1. 定冠词词组汇总2. 定冠词句型汇总1. I was seated _ of the train so that I could see everything on the way.A. at the back B. in the back C. in front of D. in the front of2. Im going to see my mother. She is ill _.A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital备战中考英语冠词考点归纳零冠词情况汇总归纳总结并掌握中考中零冠词的用法。1. 零冠词+不可数名词/可数名词复数/专有名词2. 特殊情况：月份星期 打球下棋 一日三餐 称呼头衔颜色学科 某些节日 已有修饰1. To keep healthy, you should have _ every morning.A. a breakfast B. the breakfast C. Breakfasts D. breakfast2. Tommys boss promised to make him _