1、南京大学考博英语真题及详解2015年南京大学考博英语真题(总分:100.00,做题时间:180分钟)一、Part Vocabulary and Structure(总题数:20,分数:20.00)1. The ambassador was accused of having _ on domestic affairs. A.trespassed B.encroached C.entrenched D.invaded(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 近义词词义辨析。encroach,invade,trespass这三个词均指损害他人权利,侵占其财产或侵犯别国的领土。encr
2、oach通常指蚕食,即逐渐地、不声不响或偷偷摸摸地进入别国的领土,或攫取别人的财物,侵犯他人的权利,常与介词on或upon连用。invade暗示着明目张胆、凶残与暴行,常用来指一国武装侵略另一国。也可用来指疾病、虫害的侵袭。trespass是个法律用语,指未经许可进入私人土地,或非法侵入,常与on或upon连用。句中提及侵犯他国内政,encroach更加符合语境。entrench与on搭配使用时表示挖掘壕沟,与题意不符。故答案为B。2. The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste _ the petroleum that fuel
3、s much of American manufacturing. A.in terms of B.in favor of C.in spite of D.in place of(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. 解析: 介词词组辨析。句中crops,weeds,animal waste与petroleum石油对比可知,这两组是性质不同的能源,由此可知空格处的词组应为取代的意思,选项中只有D表示取代,替换的意思。故答案为D。3. As computer security systems become even more advanced, _ the methods of those who
4、try to break into them illegally. A.so much do B.so too do C.as much as D.as well as(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 语法知识。本句为主从复合句,空格处的句子为主句,选项C与选项D缺少谓语动词,可排除。选项B是错误的结构。选项A是so引导的部分倒装结构,助动词do替代前面从句的谓语结构。故答案为A。4. Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic _ for their child. A.ambitions B.intentions
5、 C.propositions D.aspirations(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 名词词义辨析。ambition野心,抱负;intention意图,目的;proposition命题,提议;aspiration渴望,抱负。句中提及父母对儿女的期盼和渴望,故答案为A。5. A series of attempts _ made, he came to realize that he had underestimated the enormity of the task. A.were B.to be C.had been D.having been(分数:1.00)A.B.C.
6、D. 解析: 语法知识。空格处是分词的独立主格结构做状语的用法,如果选择选项A与选项C原句就出现两个谓语而没有连词连接,不符合句法。选项B表示一般时态,而根据语境,一系列的尝试在认识到问题之前,空格中应使用过去完成时态结构。只有D选项是分词过去时态表被动。故答案为D。6. Manufacturing is Chinas most important economic activity, _ over 30 percent of the workforce. A.including B.engaging C.approximating D.accounting(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.
7、解析: 动词词义辨析。根据句意,空格填入的应为动词的现在分词形式,句中提及制造业雇用了30%的劳动力,选项中只有engaging有雇佣之意。故答案为B。7. The writer seems to _ between approving of Collins actions and finding them disgusting. A.alter B.transform C.vacillate D.vibrate(分数:1.00)A.B.C. D.解析: 动词词组辨析。句意为:作家似乎在赞成考林的行为和不齿这些行为之间游移不定。选项中只有vacillate有踌躇,犹豫,游移不定的意思。故答案为
8、C。8. A lie is as much a lie, when it is whispered, as when it is _ at the market cross. A.proclaimed B.reclaimed C.acclaimed D.claimed(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 形近词词义辨析。四个单词均以一claim为词缀,但意义不同。proclaim宣告,声明;reclaim收回,纠正:指收回或利用废物;acclaim欢呼,喝彩;claim要求,声称。句意:不管是小声低语还是在市场门口大声叫喊,谎言终归是谎言。根据句意,答案为A。9. The _ of co
9、mputer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life. A.fraudulence B.arrival C.dawn D.advent(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. 解析: 名词词义辨析。句中提及计算机技术的到来,因此答案在B和D之间选择。advent表示到来,出现,表示期待的事项的到来,一般指大一些的事情;arrival表示到达,一个人的到达,某一个特定地点的到达行为,或者是一种客观实践的完成、结束。advent更加符合语境,故答案为D。10. Teenage children began to
10、assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of _ in the family. A.controversy B.friction C.restriction D.contradiction(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 名词词义辨析。controversy争论,辩论;friction摩擦;restriction限制,约束;contradiction矛盾,不一致。句中提及的是父母和子女之间的矛盾和摩擦,friction侧重双方的不和谐,contradiction强调的是两个观点或概念的矛盾。结合语境,frict
11、ion更合适,故答案为B。11. Their reflexive mindset tells scientists that all claims, _ political, moral, or religious, are open to examination and critique. A.be they B.however they are C.no matter they are D.whether they be(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 语法知识。空格处为让步状语从句。whether和no matter。均可以引导让步状语从句。选项C后不能有or,选项D在表示虚拟
12、语态时才使用,选项A是whether they are的倒装结构。故答案为A。12. The development of the English language falls into three reasonably _ periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English. A.cutting B.rational C.distinct D.disputable(分数:1.00)A.B.C. D.解析: 形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知空格处应填入表示不同的之意的形容词,选项中只有C选项有此意义,故答案为C。13. The deat
13、h of his father gave him a whole new _ on life: now he spends more time with his family. A.perspective B.euphemism C.conformation D.providence(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 名词词义辨析。句意:他父亲的死让他对生活有了一个全新的看法:他现在会在家庭上花费更多的时间。perspective观点;euphemism委婉语;conformation构造;providence天意,深谋远虑,perspective符合句意,故答案为A。14. As t
14、he leaves turn yellow and fall, you can feel the _ of winter. A.approach B.effect C.surrounding D.specimen(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 名词词义辨析。句意:当树叶变黄、开始飘落的时候,你可以感受到冬天的临近。approach临近,靠近;effect影响,作用;surrounding环境,周围的事物;specimen样本,标本,选项A符合句意,故答案为A。15. The teachers role is not simply to _ knowledge to students
15、; he should also set a good example for them. A.provide B.impart C.share D.stretch(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 动词词义辨析。根据句意判断,空格处应填入传授之意的动词。选项中只有impart符合句意,impart to表示传授,告知。故答案为B。16. Thomas Leech _ a very successful career as a photographer. A.built up B.carved out C.fought for D.stumbled on(分数:1.00)A.B. C.
16、D.解析: 动词词组辨析。动词词组的宾语为career事业,由此可知,空格处的词语应表示开创的意思,build up增强,加强;carved out创业,开创;fought for为而奋斗;stumble on无意中发现,偶然遇到。根据句意只有carved out合适。故答案为B。17. Hardys weakness _ his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain
17、the energetic and risky ones. A.lay in B.gave rise to C.shed light on D.derived from(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. 解析: 动词词组辨析。句意:哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能,无法控制好那些不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。lie in躺在;give rise to使发生,引起;shed light on阐明:derive from源自,来自。根据句意,空格处的短语表示原因,只有选项D符合语意。故答案为D。18. Although
18、 this theory was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned _ the opposing view. A.in favor of B.in place of C.instead of D.in terms of(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 介词词组辨析。句意:尽管这一理论从来都没有在严格的意义上被反对过,但是教条通常被抛弃掉,而转向相反的观点。句中abandon和opposing提示空格处的词组应是对反对意见的支持。in favor of赞同,支持;in place of代替;ins
19、tead of代替,而不是;in terms of在方面,由此可知,A符合题意。19. Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have _ the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. A.laminated B.ruminated C.illuminated D.eliminated(分数:1.0
20、0)A.B.C. D.解析: 形近词词义辨析。laminate分成薄片;ruminate沉思;illuminate阐明,说明;eliminate消除,排除。空格处动词的宾语为attitude,四个选项中illuminate与attitude搭配更符合语境。句意:像勒罗伊拉迪里一类的史学家利用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些个案史来,阐明了不同社会群体的态度,并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。故答案为C。20. As our work is not done yet, Im in no _ to go out for a movie tonight. A.mind B.temper C.mood D.di
21、sposition(分数:1.00)A.B.C. D.解析: 同定搭配。in no mood没心情,句意:我们的工作还没有做完,今晚没有心情出去看电影。故答案为C。二、Part Cloze(总题数:15,分数:15.00)Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. 1 , medical authorities express their 2 about the effect of smoking 3 the health
22、 not only of those who smoke but also of those who dont. In fact, non-smokers who must 4 inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may 5 more than the smokers themselves.A 6 number of our students have 7 in an effort to 8 the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are 9 right in
23、their aim. 10 , I would hope that it is 11 to achieve this by 12 the smokers to use good judgment and show concern 13 others rather than by regulation.I am therefore asking you to 14 No Smoking in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the non-smokers health and
24、 well-being 15 , which is very important to a large number of our students.(分数:15.00)(1). A.Still B.More C.Again D.Further(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. 解析: 逻辑关系。空格前句提及对于吸烟者来说,吸烟是引起他们不满的主要的原因,之后又提及吸烟对于吸烟者和不吸烟者的身体健康的影响,后一句是进一步说明吸烟的危害,故两句的逻辑关系应为递进关系,D选项further表示递进,B选项more不能用在句首表递进,故答案为D。(2). A.concern B.trouble C.
25、interest D.displeasure(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 名词词义辨析。concern关心;trouble麻烦;interest兴趣,爱好;displeasure不愉快。句中提及医学专家表达了对吸烟危害健康的顾虑,且express ones concern about(or for,over)为固定搭配,意为对,的关心,顾虑;与句意相符。故答案为A。(3). A.on B.in C.with D.to(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 固定搭配。effect on表示对的作用。故答案为A。(4). A.involuntarily B.instinctive
26、ly C.spontaneously D.reluctantly(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. 解析: 上下文语义。根据句意可知,不吸烟者被迫吸入被吸烟者所污染的空气,D选项reluctantly表示不情愿,与句意相符。involuntarily无心地,不自觉地;spontaneously自发地均与句意不符。故答案为D。(5). A.endure B.suffer C.undergo D.put up with(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 近义词词义辨析。四个单词都有忍耐,容忍的意思。endure特指忍受较大的或较长时间的磨难和痛苦。该词暗示忍受者具有持久的忍耐力。suffe
27、r为正式用语,常指被迫承受某件令人痛苦或有害的事。put up with为口头用语,一般指容忍较小的事情,具有宽容、默认、将就某人或某事的意思。undergo指的是某种历程,并不指结果的成败得失。句中提及的是不吸烟者被迫忍受被吸烟者污染了的空气。由此可知,suffer更为合适。故答案为B。(6). A.few B.considerable C.many D.quantitative(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 形容词词义辨析。根据上下文语义,空格处填入修饰number。的形容词,表示相当数量的,而不是少数的,故可排除选项A。选项C和D不能与a搭配使用,a considerable
28、 number of表示大量的,相当数量的,与语境相符,故答案为B。(7). A.linked B.connected C.associated D.joined(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. 解析: 动词词义辨析。join表示参加(某种组织或活动),link,connect,associate均表示联系,根据上下文语义判断应为参加某项活动,故答案为D。(8). A.make B.persuade C.cause D.commit(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 上下文语义。在主动语态中只有make sb. do sth的搭配;commit sb. to sth只有动名词和名词形
29、式,不接不定式;cause sb. to do sth. 表示迫使某人做某事;persuade sb to do sth. 表示劝说某人做某事,句中提及学生参加活动致力于禁止在教室吸烟,根据上下文语义可知学生应该只是劝说,而不是迫使,逼迫禁止在课堂吸烟,故选项B更符合语境。(9). A.entirely B.totally C.just D.wholly(分数:1.00)A. B.C.D.解析: 副词词义辨析。entirely(=completely in degree)常常修饰形容词,强调程度上完全地。totally和wholly则强调是数上的全部。句中空格处的副词修饰形容词right,强调程度上的完全。故答案为A。(10). A.But then B.However C.Although D.Moreover(分数:1.00)A.B. C.D.解析: 逻辑关系。空格前句子提及作者认为学生的初衷是完全正确的,即禁止在教室吸烟,在空格后又提及rather than regulation,由此可推知,相比于之前提及的禁止吸烟,作者更希望另外一种方式而不是规章制度。因此,空格处应填入表示转折关系的连词,而用于句首并用逗号隔开的只有副词H
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