直击高考高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题06 动词时态的考点.docx

1、直击高考高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题06 动词时态的考点【直击高考】2013高考英语 语法重难点系列 专题06 动词时态的考点首先 我把各种时态的基本用法梳理出来，然后在常考的时态后面有归纳的考点。 一、一般现在时表示现在习惯或者经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与always, often, usually, seldom, sometimes, frequently, every day/week/year, on Sunday(s),等时间状语连用。谓语直接用动词，但如果主语是第三人称单数的时候要进行变化。 变化规则如下：1.一般直接在后面加s helps cleans walks2.

2、以辅音字母加y结尾的改y 为 i+es studies hurries carries3.以o, s, sh, ch,结尾的加 es does finishes watches肯定句：主语+动词(s)+(宾语)+We play football every afternoon.我们每天下午踢足球。Jack watches TV on Saturday evening.杰克星期六晚上看电视。否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+( 宾语) + Tom doesnt clean his room in the morning.汤姆早晨不打扫房间。They dont go to the l

3、ibrary on Monday.他们星期一不去阅览室。一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+?肯定回答:Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答：No,主语+dont/doesnt.Does she live in Wuhan? Yes, she does/No, she doesnt.她住在武汉吗？是的，她住在武汉/不，她没有住在武汉。Do you read English every morning ? Yes, I do/No, I dont.你每天早晨读英语吗？是的，我读英语/不，我不读英语。特殊疑问句：疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+?When does he go

4、to school every day?他每天睡眠时候上学？How do they help their friends?他们怎样帮他们的朋友？频度副词always/often/usually 等,位置在行为动词之前、be动词和助动词之后。1. He often comes late. He is often late.他常迟到。2. We usually go back in the evening. We are usually back in the evening.我们总是晚上回来。3. Their homework is always done on Sunday. 他们的家庭作业总

5、是星期天做。表示客观真理性的/谚语/格言/警句类都要用一般现在时。1. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。2. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。3. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。4. All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的东西不一定都是金子。二、一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, two years ago, last week, in 1990, the other day, the day before

6、 yesterday在肯定句中谓语动词直接用动词的过去式表示。过去式的变化规则：1.直接+ed jumped washed looked2. 以e结尾的+d lived completed 3.辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i+ed studied hurried carried 4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写其辅音字母再+ed stopped skipped occurred 5.不规则变化 teach-taught keep-kept lead-led wake-woke .肯定句：主语+过去式+（宾语）+ They bought the house last year.他们去

7、年买的这房子。She wrote a letter yesterday.她昨天写了一封信。否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+Tom didnt watch TV yesterday evening.汤姆昨天晚上没有看电视。I didnt clean my bedroom this morning.今天早晨我没有打扫房间。一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+did 否定回答： No,主语+didntDid you make a paper flower a few days ago? Yes, I did./No, I didnt.你几天前做了一朵纸花吗？是的，我做

8、了。/不，我没有做。特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+?What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么？When did they visit that country?他们什么时候去访问的那个国家？常考点：一定要注意没有明显过去时间的语境题：1. Please say it again. I didnt catch/understand/follow you. 请再说一遍。我没有听懂你的话。2. You are here! I didnt know. 你在这里！我还不知道呢。3. Its you ! I didnt recognize you. 是你呀！我还没有

9、认出你呢。 解析：同学们同样可以设想一下：“我”在说“没有认出你”这句话的时候其实已经知道了“你”是谁，所以指的是说话瞬间前的动作，就要用一般过去时。4. Where are you from? Im from Beijing. I thought you were from Shanghai. 你是哪里人？ 北京人。 我原以为你是上海人。三、现在进行时：由is/am/are+ doing构成1.表示目前（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作。2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或者现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行）doing的变化规则：1.直接+ing helping walking study

10、ing 2.以e结尾的去掉e+ing leave_ leaving living biting 3.以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写其辅音字母再+ingput _ putting stop _stopping begin_beginning肯定句：主语+is/am/are+doing+We are studying English now.我们现在在学英语。Look! They are playing football.看！他们在踢足球。否定句：主语+is/am/are+not+doing+I am not watching TV now.我刚才没有看电视。It isnt rain

11、ing now.现在没下雨。一般疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+doing+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be 否定回答：No,主语+be+not. Are you reading newspapers? Yes, we are./No, we arent. 你在看报纸吗？ 是的，我在看。/不，我没有。特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+doing+?What are you doing ? 你在干什么？Where is he going? 他去哪里？How are you getting on (with your study)? 你（的学习）怎样？常考点： a. always, constant

12、ly, continually等副词用于进行时态给句子带上感 情色彩。比较下面句子不同的含义：1. He always comes late. （他总是迟到）。此句只给别人传递一个信息：他总是迟到这个事实。He is always coming late. (表示不耐烦） （他总是迟到）。此句就表明说话者的一种情绪了，不高兴不耐烦。2. They always work hard. （他们学习总是用功）。此句仍然只是给别人传递一个信息。别人听后知道他学习的状况。 They are always working hard. （表示赞赏） （他们学习总是用功）。从此句我们就可以想象说话者的高兴、赞

13、赏、开心的那种那觉。从平时的教学来看：这种语法常出现在（湖北卷的）完成句子中考时态、在听力和阅读中就让学生猜说话者和作者的心情状况。b.表性质、品质的形容词作表语，be动词用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。1.Tom is being a little polite.（汤姆还有点懂礼貌）。此句的内涵是：汤姆平时是一个不怎么有礼貌的人，此时表现得有礼貌。2.Why are you being foolish?（你为什么一时糊涂了？）。此句传达的信息是：你一直都还聪明的，怎么一时傻了呢？3.You are being quick-minded.（你这时反应还快）。此句要表达的意思是：你一直反应都较慢，

14、这次还快。4.The sales girl was being kind to me, but when I failed to buy a piece of clothing ,her attitude changed quickly.(那个营业员对我一时还友好的，但当我没有买衣服的时候，她的态度很快就变了。）从这个例句我们能进一步体会到be动词进行时态的用法。四、过去进行时：由was/were +doing构成(否定句在was/were后面加not,疑问句将was/were提前）1.表示过去某一特定时间正在进行的动作。(this time yesterday, 昨天这个时候 at eigh

15、t yesterday evening 昨天晚上八点,)1) I was studying English this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我在学英语。2) Were you watching TV at nine yesterday evening? 昨天晚上九点你在看电视吗？3) They were not playing basketball that time last week. 上个星期那个时候他们没有打篮球。4) What were you doing at 3.pm yesterday? 昨天下午三点你在干什么？2.表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。（此时

16、主要是和一般过去时区别分析，因为时间状语是一样的）1）What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了些什么？2) What were you doing yesterday? 你昨天在做什么？3) I wrote a letter last week. 我上个星期写了一封信。4) I was writing a letter last week. 我上个星期在写一封信5) He _ a book last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.A. wrote B. was writing C. writes D.

17、will write解析：答案是B这道题学生容易选A,因为看见有个时间状语last year，就会以为是一般过去时态，但由于后面还有一句是“我不知道他是否已经写完了”就得知应该是他去年一直都在写一本书。3.表过去某一动作发生的时候另一动作正在进行。（过去某一动作用一般过去时，另一动作用过去进行时）(when)1) When the teacher came in ,we were watching TV.老师进来的时候我们正在看电视。2) What were you doing when your mother left yesterday? 昨天你妈妈离开的时候你在干什么？常考点：要注意语境

18、题：1.Did you notice him come in just now? Sorry, I didnt. I was looking out of the window.刚才你注意到他进来了吗？对不起，我没有注意到。我在看窗户外面。3. He gave you a book a few minutes ago. I didnt know. I was reading a magazine.他几分钟前给了你一本书。我不知道呢。我在看杂志。解析：根据上下文表达的是：（当他给我书的时候）我在看杂志。4. They have left. Have they? Sorry, I was play

19、ing football.他们已经离开了。离开了？对不起，我在踢足球。解析：（当他们离开的时候我不知道）我在踢足球。固定的句型：was/were doing.when. 正在做突然1. 我正在街上行走，突然遇到了我的一个老同学。I was walking in the street when I met with an old friend ofmine.2. 昨天晚上他们正在看电视，突然灯熄灭了。Yesterday evening they were watching TV when lights went out.3. Li Ming was playing games when ther

20、e was something wrong with his mouse.李明正在玩游戏突然他的鼠标出了毛病。五、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或者存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语连用。tomorrow, soon, next year, the day after tomorrow, from now on 1. will +do(否定句在will后面加not, will not=wont,疑问句将will提前。)1） 他下星期要买辆自行车。 He will buy a bike next week.2)我们明天不扫教室。 We wont clean our classroom tomorro

21、w.3)他们明年会修房子吗？-会的./不会 .Will they build a house next year? Yes, they will./No, they wont.5) 你什么时候给他写信？ When will you write to him ?2.be going to do (beis/am/are)（准备、打算做某事）否定句在be后面加not,疑问句将be 提前。1） 我打算明天写200个单词。 I am going to write 200 words tomorrow.2)他们不打算下星期开会。 They arent going to have a meeting ne

22、xt week.3)你打算今天晚上看电视吗？-是/不。Are you going to watch TV this evening? Yes, I am./No, I am not.4)小芳打算什么时候结婚？ When is Xiao Fang going to get married?will do 与be going to do 的区别：1)be going to do是事先考虑/打算做某事,而will do表示事先未考虑的意图。Im sorry .I have forgotten to post your letter. It doesnt matter. I will post it

23、myself.对不起，我忘了给你寄信。没关系，我将自己去寄。2)有某种客观迹象预示即将会 用be going toLook at the cloud ! It is going to rain heavily.看那云！要下大雨啦！解析：乌云是下雨前的征兆。3)按自然规律必然会用willWe will die when we are old./Man will die.我们老了就会死。4)be going to do可用于条件句中表将来。If you are going to catch the early bus, youd better go now.was/were going to do

24、:原本打算做某事而没有做且后来也不会做。1)Did you watch the TV play yesterday evening?I was going to, but I had to finish my homework.你昨天晚上看了那部电视剧吗?我原本打算要看的但我要完成家庭作业。2) Can you tell me why you carried so much money last week?I was going to buy a TV set, but my cousin sent one to me.你能告诉我你上个星期为什么带那么多钱吗？我原本打算买台电视机的，但我表妹给

25、我送了一台。3)Why you took the second arrow? I was going to use it on you.你为什么拿出第二枚箭？我原本打算用它射你的。3.表示位置移动的动词（或者说表来、去、始、末的动词）经常用进行时态代替将来时。come, go leave, fly, take off, stay, move, arrive, start, meet, see off/send off1) 我星期天将动身去武汉。 I am leaving for Wuhan on Sunday.2) 她下星期要搬到一所新学校去。She is moving to a new sc

26、hool next week.3) 我要去机场接我朋友。 I am meeting my friend at the airport.4) 你要在那里呆多久？ How long are you staying there?4. be to do1)表示（按计划、安排）打算、将要做 A new hospital is to be built here.计划在这里修一家医院。You are to visit the Great Wall first.你们先参观万里长城。2) 相当于情态动词should, must, have to, can/may (可能）You are to finish yo

27、ur homework before you go home.有应该/必须回家前做做完家庭作业。This kind of flower is to be found in the forest over there.这种花在那边的森林中可能找得到。3)（用于条件句）想；想要做 If you are to find a good job, youd better try to do it well.常考点：was /were to have done=should have done 本应该做某事（但实际上没有做）You were to have studied hard last term,

28、otherwise your English wouldnt be so bad now.上个学期你本来应该努力学习的，要不然你的英语现在就不会这样差。5. be about to do表示即刻就做，正要做，不和表将来的时间状语连用。We are to play volleyball this afternoon.我们计划今天下午打排球。We are about to play volleyball.我们即刻去打排球。常考点：常用于下列句型：was/ were about to dowhen=was/ were on the point of doingwhen正要做突然1) 我正要出去突然电

29、话响了。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.=I was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.2) 他正要玩游戏突然他妈妈进来了。He was about to play games when his mother came in.=I was on the point of playing games when his mother came in.6.按照时间表、时刻表、计划表将要发生的动作常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。1）我去武汉的飞机下午三点起飞。 My plane

30、to Wuhan takes off at 3p.m.2)第四节课要11:15才上。 The fourth class begins at 11:15.3)我们将在第二十周进行期末考试。 We have the final-examination in the twentieth week.7.be due to do (按时间表、旅行安排）预定、预期、预计做1)The visitors are due to arrive here this afternoon.游客们预计今天下午到达这里。2） Mr. Li is duo to give us a lecture tomorrow.李先生预计明天给我们演讲。3) The meeting is due to be held next week.会议安排下星期开。4) His train is due at 7:00.火车七点到。 due另外的两个常用点：1) The bank loan is due this month.(到期的） 银行贷款本月到期。2) due to由于、因为（常作表语）His absence is due t