被动态.docx

1、被动态被动语态语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：一、主动语态(active voice)二、被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。A. 十种常见时态的被动语态1. 一般现在时主动语态：do被动语态：am/is/are doneWe clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打

2、扫教室。The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗2. 一般过去时主动语态：did被动语态：was/were doneWe cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom

3、 was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？动词的过去式和过去分词不规则变化表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，

4、撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上,闭起,停止营业2.AAB动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimco

5、mekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/hunghhanged/hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/

6、lightedlit点燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明,证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun,n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示,给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻,嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写w

7、akeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒,激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建,重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形oughtought动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbro

8、ughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldh

9、eldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导,带领,领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进,刺入,粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开s

10、leepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst,l:stlostlst,l:st失去havehvhadhd,hd,dhadhd,hd,d有makemeikmademeid

11、mademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重讲，重复，复述5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹drivedraivdrovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn给growrugre

12、wru:grownrun生长forgivefivforgotftforgiven原谅,饶恕knownuknewnju:,nu:known知道mistakemisteikmistookmistukmistooken弄错;误解,overeatuvi:toverate,uvreitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明,证实,试验taketeiktooktuktakenteikn,teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun,run抛，扔rideraidroderudriddenridn骑seesi:saws:seensi:n看见

13、showushowedshowed/shownun展示writeraitwroterutwrittenritn写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebrukbrokenbrukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosentuzn选择getetgottgot/gottentn得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhidn隐藏forgetfetforgotftforgottenftn忘记freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozenfruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn说ste

14、alsti:lstolestolenstuln偷(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。iau动词原形过去式过去分词beginbiinbeganbinbegunbin开始drinkdrikdrankdrkdrunkdrk喝singsisangssungs唱sinksiksanksksunksk下沉,沉没swimswimswamswmswumswm游泳ringrirangrrungr打电话（4）其它动词原形过去式过去分词be(am,is,are)was/werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n负担,忍受dodu:,du:did

15、diddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飞gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿3. 一般将来时主动语态：will/shall do被动语态：will/shall be doneWe will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。Will the school sports mee

16、ting be held next week？ 校运动会将在下星期举行吗？When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？4. 一般过去将来时主动语态：would do被动语态：would be doneWe told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。He said that a new

17、trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。I wasnt told that I should be invited to the party. 没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。5. 现在进行时主动语态：am/is/are doing被动语态：am/is/are being doneWe are cleaning the cla

18、ssroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？How is the new teaching method being tried there 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？6. 过去进行时主动语态：was/were doing被动语态：was/we

19、re being doneWe were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫The teaching plan was being discussed at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？The house was being painted w

20、hen we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。一、选择题1ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound2English_inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken3ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung4Thiskindofcar_inJapan

21、.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade5Newcomputers_allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused6 Ourroommust_clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep7 Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed8 Japanese_ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking9

22、 Whowasthebook_?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby10 Thebridges_twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt11 Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare二、改写句子1.They make machines in that factory.2.We were told a story by Cranny last night.3

23、.Workers build this building.4.Kate often breaks glasses.5.Yesterday we played football after school.3、句子填空1.The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children.2.My parents give me a birthday present every year.（同义句转换）A birthday present _by my parents every year3.

24、People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)Metal _ _ _making machines.4.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ “Lianliankan” by us.5.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.6.My brother often mends his watch.His watch _ _ _ by my brother.7.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week.8.They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _