GCT考试英语辅导教材阅读二.docx

1、GCT考试英语辅导教材阅读二GCT考试英语辅导教材-阅读（二）第三节阅读理解的应试技巧与策略 从考试角度考虑，阅读理解的关键要抓两点：一是准确无误，二是答题迅速。因此工程硕士阅读需要解决的一个根本问题就是如何在有限的时间内高效率地完成阅读题。换言之，怎样才能做的又好又快这就少不了快速阅读的方法技巧。常见的快读方法有计时阅读（Timed Reading）、略读（Skimming）、寻读（Scanning）、意群阅读(Sense Group Reading) 等。我们在此向大家一一介绍这些方法技巧。1. 计时阅读计时阅读是提高阅读速度最有效的方法之一。其具体的方法是：先记下起读时间（startin

2、g time），阅读完毕记，读完时间（finishing time），即可计算出本次阅读速度。以下面一道工程硕士阅读样题为例：Elephants who paint arent new. Paintings by Ruby, an Asian elephant who lived at the Phoenix Zoo in Arizona, sold for up to $5,000 in the late 1980s, said Dick George, a consultant with the zoo. Ruby was about seven months old when she f

3、irst came to the zoo, said George. She lived with a goat and some chickens, but she didnt have an elephant companion for a number of years. She spent a lot of time drawing in the dirt with a stick to make her days more stimulating. Her keeper bought her some art supplies. ” George said, “Ruby was ex

4、cited about painting right from the beginning. ”The elephants at the art academies in the Southeast Asia are taught to hold a paintbrush with the tip of their trunks. Initially, the keeper guides the elephant s trunk over the canvas (画布) and offers rewards for good performance. It only takes a few h

5、ours to a day to teach them, said Mia Fineman, an art historian whose book When Elephants Paint is an illustrated history of the Asian Elephant Art and Conservation Project. 18811. Ruby was an Asian elephant_. A. who was sold for a price as high as $ 5,000B. ho was famous for being the first paintin

6、g elephantC. hose paintings sold for as high as $5,000D. ho started painting in the late 1980s. 12. Why did Ruby start painting according to Dick George? A. Because she was seven years old. B. Because she was the first to come to the zoo. C. Because she learned a lot from the goat and the chickens.

7、D. Because she had no elephant partners to play with. 13. How did Ruby paint at the very beginning?A. She used a stick to draw in the dirt. B. She spent much time in the dirt. C. She stimulated herself every day. D. She painted with her keeper s art supplies. 14. To encourage the elephants to paint

8、well, the keeper_. A. bought them a lot of art suppliesB. made them excited at the beginningC. taught them to hold a paintbrush with their trunksD. reinforced the desired behaviors with rewards15. When Elephants Paint is a book_. A. on the history of artsB. about the painting elephants in AsiaC. exp

9、laining how to teach elephants to paintD. chiefly theorizing about elephant art全文正文为188个词，5个问题209个词，总共397词。按每分钟70个词的速度，限时在5分半钟内完成阅读，再加上3分钟选择答案的时间，总共8分钟完成此题。要是限时不能完成怎么办？不要延长时间。无论如何，需要养成快速阅读的习惯。可考虑适当降低阅读材料的难度，从四级阅读题开始训练，以后逐渐加大阅读的难度。这样坚持一段时间，速度也就随之上去了。由于快速阅读时精力高度集中，因此阅读时间不宜太长，一次半小时就行了。因为时间一长容易产生疲劳，精力分散

10、，起不到强化训练的作用。每次练习后应及时总结，发现问题随手记下。这样长期坚持下去，必能收到明显的效果。2. 略读法略读又称浏览或掠读，就是迅速地阅读，以求抓住文章的梗概。略读的目的是为获得大意或者总体印象而进行阅读。略读作为一种快速阅读技巧对我们来说并不陌生。这就像我们看报纸时，几版、十几版的页面不可能一字不漏地往下看，只能用最快的速度找出主题，略掉一些无关紧要的细节或与主题不甚相干的部分，知道其中的大概内容即可。这种方法要求我们不要把眼睛盯在具体的每个单词上，而是要看篇章中的主题句或者是从篇章的结构着手，利用自己的推理能力，对文章的信息进行分析，从而归纳总结出主题。善于略读的人会有选择地阅读

11、，跳过一些无关的句子、段落甚至是整页的内容，只看自己感兴趣的东西。训练有素的略读者的阅读速度可以达到每分钟1000个词以上。略读的关键在于一个“略”字，注意力应该集中在大意，而不是细节上。试以下文为例：Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great w

12、inds, have blown me here and there. I have sought love, first because it brings ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness l

13、ooks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life,

14、this is what at last I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux.Love and knowledge, so far as they we

15、re possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mo

16、ckery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life, I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 使用略读法，我们的目光只去捕捉以下关键的字眼：第一段：Three passions,. . . , have governed my life: (l)the longing

17、 for love, (2)the search for knowledge, (3) unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind;第二段：I have sought love because (l) it brings ecstasy ; (2) it relieves loneliness; (3) I have seen. the vision of the heaven;第三段：With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to (l) understand ; (2)

18、to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend . 第四段：Love and knowledgeled upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. 第五段：This has been my life, and would gladly live it again. 这样一来，大大减轻了阅读的负担，一篇近300词

19、的文章，阅读其中的100个词就能概括全部的内容。略读归纳起来也就两句话：去粗取精，不失要点。3. 寻读法所谓“寻读”，就是通过目光扫视，以最快的速度从一篇文章中披沙拣金，迅速寻找出你所期望得到的某一具体情况、数据等。以日常生活为例。假如你要买一台价格适中、性能良好的计算机，你可浏览有关计算机广告。各种广告林林总总，品牌不同、功能各异、价格不等。你便可先从价格上考虑，通过寻读，找出几个你准备买的型号，然后从性能、信誉上进行比较，最选中你想买的那一台。同理，寻读法也常见于阅读考试的细节题中。这种方法的特点是有的放矢，为我所用。譬如根据提问查找某一人名、地名，某一件事发生的年月或其他类似的情况。工程

20、硕士阅读理解的细节题寻读技巧利要是用得当，往往会省时省事，答案迅速而准确。以2003年的阅读试卷中的第4篇为例，这是一篇天气预报，总计328个词。Questions 26-30 are based on the following weather forecast:Weather ForecastThe following forecast shows for the listed cities the projected weather conditions and the expected range of temperatures from the afternoon high to t

21、he evening low. Atlanta: Mostly fair. 88-70 TMinneapolis : Mostly cloudy. 68-50 TBoston: Partly cloudy. 78-61 TNew Orleans: Mostly fair. 92-73 TChicago: Thunderstorm likely. 82-67 FPhiladelphia ; Hazy and warm. 90-68 TCleveland: Mostly cloudy. 84-68 TPhoenix: Sunny and warm. 99-66 TDallas; Thunderst

22、orms likely. 91-75 TPittsburg: Partly cloudy. 81-64 FDenver : Rain likely. 63-43 TSt. Louis: Thunderstorms likely. 86-70 THouston: Partly cloudy. 90-78 TSan Francisco; Mostly fair. 73-60 TKansas City: Thunderstorms likely. 73-63 FSeattle: Mostly fair. 74-50 TLas Vegas:Sunny and warm. 93-56 TToronto

23、; Rain likely. 83-68 TLos Angeles: Mostly sunny. 88-60 FWashington D. C. Partly cloudy. 88-72 TMiami; Partly cloudy. 88-79 T26. According to the forecast, _. A. Kansas City will be warmer than TorontoB. temperatures will be the lowest in Seattle and MinneapolisC. the weather will be fine in most of

24、the listed citiesD. more than half of the listed cities are cloudy or rain likely27. Among the following four cities, the difference between the afternoon high and the evening low is smallest in _. A. Kansas CityB. MiamiC. AtlantaD. Seattle28. Which of the following cities is closest to Miami in wea

25、ther conditions?A. BostonB. AtlantaC. Washington D. C. D. Houston29. The difference between the afternoon high and the evening low is greatest in _. A. SeattleB. Los AngelesC. Las VegasD. Phoenix30. The differences between the afternoon high and the evening low are the same in _. A. Chicago, Dallas,

26、 Kansas City, and St. LouisB. Atlanta, San Francisco, New Orleans, and SeattleC. Cleveland, Dallas, St. Louis, and Washington D. C. D. Pittsburg, Miami, Houston, and Boston通过寻读，我们很快就可以把目光定在全文最后一段的最后一句上：“Straitfold, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice”。题干问的是Straitfold以什么最感到自豪，“indepen

27、dent voice” 也即是“独立的声音”。将几个选项进行对比，稍加思索我们就不难找到正确答案：nonconformist image (不随大众的形象)，所以选项B是正确答案。4. 意群阅读法所谓“意群”也即是有意义的语法结构（英语称作sense groups），通常为词组、短语。顾名思义，“意群阅读法”也就是按词组、短语在文中的组合意义整体阅读，而不是单个的词汇阅读。我们知道，词是语句的基本组成单位，意群是语句的基本构成单元。单个词并无多大意义，只有组合起来，在上下文关系中形成特殊的意群，才能获得特殊的、确定的意义。以前面“寻读”中的一句为例：Straitfold, says Fried

28、man, takes pride in its independent voice，我们要是按9个单词汇一个个地读作Straitfold, says, Friedman, takes, pride, in, its, independent, voice，不但速度慢，而且形不成一个完整的意思。与此相反，要是我们将其分为4个意群来读：Straitfold, / says Friedman,/ takes pride in /its independent voice/，阅读效率就高多了。由此可见，意群阅读是提高阅读效率、把握文章整体的关键。因此，我们在阅读文章的时候，目光不应当停留在每个单词上，

29、而应当放在中心词上，把目光集中在意群的中心，从一个意群中心词到另一个意群中心词，这样的意群整体扫描是提高阅读速度的行之有效之法。汉语常常用“一目十行”来形容某人读书速度快。英语的阅读训练有素者同样能达到这一境界。但对于一般的普通读者来说，能做到“一目数词”也相当不错了这大大超出了大纲所规定的每分钟60个词的阅读速度。我们发现，阅读速度慢的人的阅读模式类似小学低年级学生读课本，看一个字读一个字，然后再想这个字的意思。这样的阅读方法眼睛再快也跟不上国家对工程硕士要求的速度。因此，要提高阅读速度，就得根除逐字阅读的坏习惯。而按意群阅读，既能提高目光的效率，又有利于整体思维，连词成句。(北京安通学校提

30、供)下面读者不妨自己做这样一个比较，先按逐字阅读的习惯方法阅读以下段落，看看要用多少时间。Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small geographical areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to cha

31、nge without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them. How can primitive cultures learn to live in a technological world？How can they do this without becoming lost？（75词）然后再用意群阅读法阅读下面同一段落，看看共花多少时间。为了便于阅读，我们用分隔号“”把句中的一个个意群隔开。Many small cultural groupslive in placesfar away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never hadany communicationoutside of their small geographical areas. Whe