英语记单词.docx

1、英语记单词词汇部分掌握约3000个基础英语单词和相应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考单词和词组搭配。构词法英语的构词方法有三：合成（composition），派生（derivation）和转换（conversion）。一、合成合成：合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做合成。1. 复合名词的主要构成方式1）名词名词classroom教室，newspaper 报纸2）形容词名词blackboard黑板，highway 公路，3）动词名词break-water防波堤4）副词名词outbreak爆发，overcoat 大衣5）代词名词he-goat公山羊，she-wolf 母狼6）动词副

2、词break-down崩溃7）名词介词短语editor-in-chief 总编辑， father-in-law岳父2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式1）名词形容词snow-white 雪白的，world-wide全世界的2）形容词形容词bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 绿里发蓝的3）副词形容词ever-green 常绿的4）名词分词snow-covered 白雪盖着的，hand-made 手工制作的5）形容词分词good-looking 好看的6）副词分词well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息灵通的7）形容词名词second-hand旧的，用过的

3、，第二手的8）形容词名词-edopen-minded 胸襟开阔的，white-haired白发的9）数词名词（ed）two-faced 两面派的，3. 复合动词的主要构成方式1）副词动词overcome克服，uphold支持，主张2）名词动词sun-bathe行日光浴二、派生在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做派生，词缀有前缀和后缀两种，加在单词前的词缀，叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀，叫后缀。1.前缀现将最常用的一些前缀（按字母顺序）举例如下：anti- 反对anti-Japanese war抗日战争arch- 主要的arch-enemy 主要敌人auto- 自动的aut

4、omobile 小汽车，autobiography自传bi- 双bicycle 自行车，bilingual 用两种语言的by- 在旁bystander 旁观者，by-product副产品co- 共同co-operation合作，co-existence 共处counter- 反counter-attack 反攻，de- 除去，否定decentralization分散，不集中dis- 否定discover发现，disorder混乱，杂乱en-， em- 使成为enable使能够，enslave奴役，encourage鼓励ex-前ex-president前任主席、总统或大学校长extra- 外ex

5、traordinary非常的，格外的for-， fore- 先，前，预forward向前，foresee预见，forearm前臂for- 禁，弃forbid禁止，forget忘记in-， il-， im-， ir- 不，非informal 非正式的，incomplete不完全的， irregular不规则的inter- 间，相互interview会见mal- 恶maltreat 虐待micro- 微microscope显微镜mid- 中mid-night半夜， mid-autumn中秋的mis- 误misunderstand 误会， misuse误用multi- 多multi-national

6、 多民族的non- 非，不nonexistent不存在的post- 后于post-war 战后的，pre- 先于pre-war战前的pro- 赞成，亲善pro-American 亲美的re- 重，再，复review 复习sub- 下，次subdivide细分，再分super- 上，超super-structure 上层建筑tele- 远telephone 电话，telescope望远镜，television电视trans-横过，转移transformation改造，translate翻译un- 不unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，untrue不真实的uni-一、单unifor

7、m 划一的2.名词后缀-age状态，集合marriage婚姻，shortage缺少，village村庄-an人American美国人，Italian意大利人，意大利语，African非洲人-ance，-ancy性质，状态importance重要性，significance意义-ant， -ent人assistant助手，助教， student学生-ation， -ition动作，状态determination决心，industrialization工业化，preparation准备-craft技巧，工艺handicraft手工艺-dom （状态，领界）freedom自由，kingdom王国-e

8、e （被动）employee雇员-eer 人engineer工程师， volunteer志愿者-ence， -ency（抽象名词）dependence依靠，不独立，excellence卓越-er人，动作者fighter战士，worker工人，writer作家，harvester收割机-ese 人，语言Chinese中国人，中文，Japanese日本人，日文-ess女性actress女演员，princess公主，hostess女主人，女乘务员（飞机上）-ful 充满handful一把，armful一抱（这些词亦可作为复合词看）-hood身份，境遇，状态childhood童年，likelihood

9、可能性-ian 人musician音乐家，technician技术员-ity （抽象名词）possibility可能性，capability能力-man 人Englishman英国人，postman邮递员（这些词亦可作为复合词看）-ment运动，结果movement运动，development发展-ness 状态，性质kindness和善，carefulness小心-or人，动作者actor男演员， editor 编辑，tractor拖拉机-ry， -ery 行为，工作，性质，工作地点，货物种类，境遇等bravery勇敢，nursery托儿所，cookery烹调-ship 状态，身分frien

10、dship友谊，hardship苦难-tion 动作，状态attention注意，action行动，revolution革命-ty （抽象名词）cruelty残酷， loyalty忠实-ure结果，动作pleasure快乐，pressure压力3.形容词后缀able，-ible能够unforgettable难忘的，responsible负责的-al的cultural文化的，national国家的-an （地，人）的Russian 俄罗斯的，俄罗斯人的，American美国的，美国人的-ed 有，象talented有才华的-en 的golden金色的，wooden木制的-ern （表示方向的）n

11、orthern北方的，eastern东方的，southern南方的，western西方的-ese（地，人）的Chinese中国的，中国人的，Japanese日本的，日本人的-ful 充满careful小心的，beautiful美丽的，powerful强有力的-ic， -ical的economic经济的，political政治的，grammatical语法的-ish 属于，稍微bookish书本气的，yellowish稍黄的，selfish自私的，childish幼稚的-ive性，倾向active 积极的， collective集体的-less无fearless无所畏惧的，careless不小心

12、的，useless无用的，meaningless无意义的-like如childlike儿童般的（亦可作为复合词看）-ly 品质，的friendly友好的，weekly每星期的，manly丈夫气的，daily每天的-ous多nervous神经紧张的，dangerous危险的-some引起，适于，易于troublesome烦人的，tiresome（令人感到厌倦的）-ward 向backward落后的-y 充满，性质rainy雨的，snowy雪的，handy手巧的，便于使用的4.动词后缀-ateisolate使孤立，-endeepen加深，strengthen加强-fysimplify简化，clas

13、sify分类-ize， -iseindustrialize工业化5. 副词后缀-lycarefully小心地，beautifully美丽地，quickly迅速地-ward， -wards向forward向前，backward向后，upwards向上，downwards向下-wise方式likewise同样地，otherwise否则，用另一种方式三、转换转换将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类，这就叫做转换。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。1.名词转化为动词elbow 由“肘”转义为“用肘推挤”back 由“背，后面”转义为“支持，后退”2.形容词转化为动词slow 由“慢”

14、转义为“放慢”3.动词转化为名词to take a walk 散步to have a look看一看to have a try 试一试4.形容词转化为名词the wounded 受伤的人们， the beautiful美丽的东西，the blind盲人们5.其他词类转化为名词a must必须做的事情，ups and downs高低起伏，ins and outs问题的底细典型例题考试的重点是词汇之间的搭配，和近义词之间的区别。1. Driving a car is not as difficult as you imagine， if you _ the rules.A. depend on B

15、. turn to C. put up D. stick todepend on 依靠、依赖turn to 转向某人，turn to sb.向某人求助put up with 容忍、忍受stick to 遵守答案 D2. In my opinion， the changing job market will _ people many difficulties.A. find B. bring C. take D. getfind 找到bring 带来take 拿走get 得到答案 B3. Since the two restaurants _ almost the same food and

16、service， it doesnt matter where you stop to eat.A. offer B. cook C. prepare D. affordoffer 提供cook 烹饪prepare 准备afford 付钱答案 A4. When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper， he was told to see the manager.A. profession B. position C. career D. locationprofession职业position 职位career 职业lo

17、cation 方位She chose an academic career. 答案 B5. Margaret was so _ for news of her lost child that she was almost driven mad.A. careful B. responsible C. thirsty D. hostilecareful 仔细的responsible 负责的thirsty 极度渴望的hostile 敌意的答案 C6. It is not polite to _ when someone is making a speech at a meeting like th

18、is.A. turn up B. cut in C. speak out D. stand byturn up 来到，露面cut in 打断speak out 大声说stand by 站到旁边答案 B7. The boss _ angry when I spoke to him on the phone.A. sounded B. looked C. grew D. talkedsounded 听起来looked 看起来grew 变得talked 谈话答案 A8. All of her living cost _2，000 yuan each month.A. gets to B. equal

19、s to C. arrives at D. comes atget to 到达某地equal的用法：equal： adj. be equal to sth./doing sth. 对某事有力量，勇气，能力等， 能胜任eg. She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作。Hes equal to the occasion. 他能应付这一局面。He doesnt seems equal to meeting out demanceequal： v. equal sb./ sth. （in sth.） 与某人（某事物）相同或相等eg. He is equaled b

20、y no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良。）arrived at+地点状语 到达某处comes at 达到答案 D9. Her face is _ to me， but I cant remember where I saw her.A. similar B. friendly C. alike D. familiarsimilar 相似的friendly 友好的alike 相像的familiar 熟悉的答案 D10. Jump in the car. Theres enough _ for you.A. place B. seat C. room D. spaceplac

21、e 地方seat 座位room 空间space 宇宙空间place 指具体地点答案 C11. It wasnt an accident. He did it on _.A. reason B. determination C. purpose D. intentionreason 原因determination 决心on purpose 故意intention 目的答案 C12. Youll have to pay for the holiday in _， Im afraid.A. front B. advance C. ahead D. forwardfront 具体位置空间的前方in a

22、dvance 提前ahead 在之前，不和in 连用forward 向前答案 B13. The bookstore hasnt ordered _ textbooks for all the students in the course.A. enough B. plenty C. as much as D. a great deal ofenough 修饰名词，在名词之前plenty+ofas much as 不能修饰名词a great deal of 修饰不可数名词。答案 A14. As I didnt have any experience， I was _ problems.A. li

23、kely to have B. probably havingC. probable to have D. likely havingbe likely to do 很可能有probably 不接doing接to doits brobable for sb. that答案 A15. David may _ ， but we must go at once.A. stay late B. stay lately C. stay a little D. have stayed very latestay latestay lately lately 近来答案 A16. I dont think t

24、hat your watch is _.A. worth of the price B. worth the priceC. worthy of the price D. worthy to buyworthy： adj. a. be worthy of sth.eg. Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise. 她的成就值得给予最高奖赏。b. be worthy to do sth.eg. She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her.wor

25、th： adj. a. be worth + n.eg. Our house is worth about $ 60，000.b. be worth doingeg. The book is worth reading. =Its worth reading the book.n. 值某金额的量 The thieves stole $ 1 million worth of jewellery.D选项正确答案：worthy to be bought答案 B17. _， its very tidy.A. As her room is small B. Small as her room isC.

26、As small her room is D. Small as her roomas引导让步状语从句，句子需要倒状。Young as he is， Jack is already familiar with most of the books答案 B18. As _ as possible he opened the door and went out into the cold December night.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quietlyquiet adj.安静的答案 Bquite adv.十分，很；quite big19. I felt t

27、horoughly _ in the crowded Manhattan.A. wondered B. lost C. missed D. separatedwondered 怀疑lost 迷路missed 丢失separated 分开答案 B20. The city has decided to _ all the old buildings.A. break away from B. get rid ofC. come up with D. knock downbreak away from 1.挣脱 The prisoner broke away from his guards. 2. 脱离某政党、政府等 A province has broken away to form a new state.get rid of： 摆脱 The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it cant get rid of e up with sth.： 找到或提出（答案、