完整word版英国文学简史期末考试复习要点word文档良心出品.docx

1、完整word版英国文学简史期末考试复习要点word文档良心出品一、中世纪文学（约5世纪1485） 贝奥武甫（Beowulf） 高文爵士和绿衣骑士（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 坎特伯雷故事（The Canterbury Tales ）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） 托马斯莫尔 （Thomas More ） 乌托邦（Utopia） 埃德蒙斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 仙后（The Faerie Queene) 弗兰西

2、斯培根（Francis Bacon） 论说文集（Essays) 克里斯托弗马洛 Christopher Marlowe 帖木儿大帝（Tamburlaine） 浮士德博士的悲剧（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） 马耳他岛的犹太人（The Jew of Malta ） 威廉莎士比亚William Shakespeare ）哈姆莱特（Hamlet） SONNET18三、17世纪文学约翰弥尔顿 John Milton 失乐园（Paradise Lost） 约翰班扬（John Bunyan） 天路历程（The Pilgr

3、ims Progress） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛 丹尼尔笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe） 亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛游记 Gullivers Travels 亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fie

4、lding 汤姆琼斯（Tom Jones） 托马斯格雷 Thomas Gray 墓园哀歌（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） 罗伯特彭斯 Robert Burns 威廉布莱克 William Blake 威廉华兹华斯 William Wordsworth 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads ）一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪1485)贝奥武夫:t

5、he national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical devi

6、ce, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟1340

7、(?)1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid charac

8、ters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle EnglishMedieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Gr

9、een KnightBeowulfThe Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期17世纪初） A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century

10、and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two features1. a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature 2. the keen interest in the activities of humanity.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissan

11、ce is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, (2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, (3) to recover the purity of the early church from the corru

12、ption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: Christopher MarloweWilliam Sha

13、kespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is

14、 famous for “the poets poet”? ( B ) A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDe

15、finition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.2. Thomas More托马斯莫尔14781535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦 3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的

16、著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist. Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: )

17、The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to _ with h

18、is “mighty lines” ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse 浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） 帖木耳大帝 马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616 Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcde

19、fefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. The 17th Century17世纪文学 1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics:失乐园 复乐园Dramatic poem:力士参孙2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但

20、丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory:天路历程 3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love

21、, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻The Flea 虱子Valediction:The 18th Century启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期18世纪中期）：Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and

22、 accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realisti

23、c novel现实主义小说)1. Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce

24、rationalism to England? ( C ) A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift 批评论 Artistic features:1.Using “heroic couplets”卷发遇劫记道德论人论 愚人记3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。） 格列佛游记(fictional work)Four parts:Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island

25、 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议 书战木桶的故事 一个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。） He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the

26、 human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-year

27、s there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.5. Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.novels:弃婴汤姆琼斯约瑟夫安德鲁大诗人江奈生威尔

28、德7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利施莱登17511816情敌 造谣学校8. William Blake威廉布莱克17571827天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye.经验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence9. Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796The gr