高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解连词.docx

1、高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解连词高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解-连词及练习一、概念连词(conjunction.)是用来连接单词,短语,从句或句子的词。连词是虚词，所以不作成分。二、连词的分类：1.连词按其构成分为： 1)简单连词, 如: and, or, but, if, because ect. 2)关联连词, 如:bothand, not onlybut also ect. 3)分词连词, 如: supposing, considering, provided ect. 4)短语连词, 如:as if, as long as, in order that ect.2.连词按其性质分为 1)

2、并列连词, 如: and, or, but, for ect. 用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或分句。 2)从属连词, 如: that, whether, when, although, because ect. 用来连接名词性从句或状语从句。三、连词的用法：并列连词:1.表示并列关系的连词有: and, bothand, not only but also,neithernor和as well as等。1) and: 和,并且A:基本用法:and表示 和,并且的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语和片语,句子和句子.eg.I enjoy basketball , football and t

3、able tennis. The weather becomes colder and colder.He didnt go and she didnt go either. 他没去，她也没去。B:特别用法:祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用,此时and=if you, youll eg.Go straight on, and youll see the library.=If you go straight on, you will see the library.2) bothand : 既也,(两者)都A.Both A and B + 谓语 (构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数)。eg.

4、Both Jim and Kate are from England. He both speaks and writes Spanish. A man should have both courage and perseverance. 一个人即应有勇气也要有毅力。 Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。B.bothand否定句表示部分否定.eg.You cant speak both German and English. Both my father and my mother arent doctors

5、.3) neithernor :既不也不* Neither A nor B + 谓语( 与B相一致, 即连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词即采取就近原则。)eg.Neither I nor he has seen the play before. She couldnt speak the language, nor could she write it.She could neither speak the langauge nor write it. He moved steadily, looking neither left nor right.The weather is mild tod

6、ay; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。4) not onlybut also :不但而且Not only A but also B + 谓语 ( 与B 相一致, 即连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。)eg.Not only the mother but also the children are ill. It was noy only unkind but also untrue.5) as well as: 也; 还有A.基本用法: 常可连接两个并列的成分。 A as well as B + 谓语( 与A 相一致) +. 。eg.

7、Lily as well as Betty was in the room. It is important for you as well as for me.It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。B.特殊用法: as well as + 动名词, 有时可译为“(不仅)而且”, “除了还”。eg. Smoking is dangerous, as well as making you smell bad. 1. As well as breaking his leg, he broke his arm. She sings

8、 as well as playing the piano.2.表示转折关系的连词有:but, however, yet, still,while等.1) but : conj. 而; 相反; 然而; 除外；只有 A. 基本用法: 连接两个并列成分、并列分句。 eg. Not you but I am to blame. They see the trees but not the forest. Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming. She pretended to be angry, but she was not. Some

9、one borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。B. 特殊用法: 用在某些否语后, 表示 “ 只”。eg. He eats nothing but hamburgers. She knows no one but you. No one but me saw her. I had no choice but to sign the contract. You have nobody but yourself to blame.2) however : adv. (连接副词)(1) 但是; 不过 eg.He said

10、 that it was so; he was mistaken, however.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some room for improvement.(2)不管怎样（如何） eg. They will never succeed, however much they try. However cold it is, she always goes swimming. He wanted to take no risk, however small. However carefully I exp

11、lained, she still didnt understand. He knew what he wanted; however he didnt know how to get it.(3) however: adv. (疑问副词)怎样 eg. However did you know that? / However did you find it?3) yet: conj. 但是; 却; 尽管; 然而A.基本用法: 连接词、短语、并列句等。eg.It is strange yet true. They are the same, yet not the same.Tom got up

12、 early, yet he failed to catch the train. I have failed, yet I shall try again.He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。B.特殊用法: (1)and yet : 然而; 可是 eg. Hes pleasant enough, and yet I dont like him. He has a good job, and yet he never seems to have any money.(2) yet 可与alt

13、hough/though 连用 eg. Although it was dark, yet he still went on his trip on foot.yet : adv. (1) 还 (多用于否定句) eg. The moon had not yet risen. I havent enough time yet.(2)已经 (疑问句) eg. Has he come yet?” “No, not yet.” Did you eat yet?(3)早晚;总有一天 (与could; might; may ect.连用, 表示将来还可能发生某事)eg. He may come yet.

14、The plan may yet succeed. We may win yet. She could yet surprise us all.4) still : adv.仍然; 仍旧;还 (连接副词)eg. He was very tired, still he kept on walking. He tried hard to look for it,still he couldnt find it.5) while : conj. 然而; 而 (对比两件事物,意思接近whereas)eg.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite l

15、azy. I like tea while she likes coffee. Some people waste food while others havent enough.3.表示选择关系的并列连词有:or, eitheror,whether or等。1) or: 或,否则A:基本用法: or 表示 或 的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。(a)连接两个名词: eg. Would you like coffee or tes?-Is your friend English or American? -American. He doesnt like dumplings or nood

16、les.(b)连接两个形容词或数词:eg. Is it green or blue? Theres one or two things Id like to know about.2.(c)连接两个动词: eg. She may do some work in the fields or help in the house.(d)连接两个副词: eg.Are you coming today or tomorrow? Its now or never. 要么现在干,要么永远别干。(e)连接两个介词短语: eg. Are you going to water the garden before

17、or after supper?(f) 连接两个分句: eg. Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first?(g)连接更多: eg. The sea can be blue or green or grey.B:特别用法: 祁使句后连接or ,表 如果,否则,有转折的意思, 此时 or =if you dont , youll 。eg.Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late. He had to have a job or go hungry

18、.C. or else : 否则 eg. Hurry up or else youll be late. Be quick, or else itll be too late.2) eitheror: 或者或者 ; 不是就是 ; 要么要么 Either A. or B. + 谓语 (连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词跟 B. 人称和 数的一致,即就近原则。) eg. Either you or I am right. Does either she or they like English? People who are either under age or over age may not jo

19、in the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人注意: 由eitheror引导的否定句是完全否定。eg. She isnt either a student or a teacher.3) whetheror:不管还是eg.She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school. Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same. He seemed undecided whether to go or to stay. whether or not/no: 是否 eg. Can y

20、ou tell me whether or not the train has left? He could not decide whether or no to return home.4.表示因果关系的并列连词有:for(因为),so(所以).1) for: conj. 因为;由于 (一般用逗号把它和前面分句隔开,它是对前面情况的解释。)eg.He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold. He shook his head, for he thought differently.He decided to leave at dawn,

21、 for he had many miles to cover.。You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。 注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。2) so: conj. 因此; 所以eg.It was late, so I went home. It was still painful so I went to see a doctor. The child had a bad cough, so

22、his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生从属连词:从属连词是用来连接名词性从句或状语从句的连词。1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有: before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等.eg.After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.As soon as he gets to Be

23、ijing, hell call me.A.基本用法:1) when, while, as 都表示当时,when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词,可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作；while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,侧重主从句动作同时发生；as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主从句动作同时发生,强调一边一边。eg.When I came in, my father was cooking. I came in when/while my father was cooking.He sang as he walked. 注意： 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的

24、 when, while, as, whenever。eg. Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。3.2) until用法:当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都用肯定式,译为直到为止;当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,即not.until, 译为直到才。eg.Mr. Green waited until his children came back.

25、(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来。)Mr. Green didnt go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉。)B.特殊用法:(1) when : conj. (a) although 虽然; 然而;可是 eg.She claimed to be 18, when I know shes only 16. (b)considering that 考虑到; 既然 eg. How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen?(c) 刚就； 一 就 eg.

26、He had just been in bed when the phone rang.(2) while : conj. (必须用于句首) although; in spite of the fact that 虽然;尽管eg.While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. While they are my neighbours, I dont know them well.(3) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。eg. Try to finish your work be

27、fore you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。注意： after与before可用作连词,又可作介词用。但是，在省略句中, after与before 须作介词用。表示被动时，介词之后不可用过去分词。eg.After being painted green, the house looked more beautiful. After painted green (), Before being invited to the party, he had

28、 been looking forward to it. Before invited()(4) 时间连词 + 分词的用法: eg. When ( I was) walking in the street, I met Mr. Smith. While ( I was) waiting for the bus, I read a book. Dont speak until (you are) told to. He has changed a lot since ( he was) being in the army. He didnt go to the party until (he w

29、as) invited a second time. 3)当表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的: as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等。eg. Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished, Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I wan

30、t to see him the minute/ the moment he he arrives. 他一到我就要见他。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。I went home directly I had finished work.I recognized her instantly = the instant (that) (=as soon as) I saw her.No soon had I gor home than

31、 I smelt something burnt.Hardly had we sat down at the table when the telephone rang. 4) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。eg.Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每