中国艺术研究院考博英语真题与答案.docx

1、中国艺术研究院考博英语真题与答案郑重申明：本试卷题收集于网络，由根据考试后凭记忆在网络检索后收集。一、单选20题略。(10分)二、完型填空（20分）完型：Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street.Main Street was always in the heart of a town.This street wa

2、s 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries. 4 ,some shops offered 5 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6 in the 1950s, a change

3、 began to 7 .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers.Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits.Open space is what their car driving customers needed.And open space is what they got

4、11 the first shopping centre was built.Shopping centres, or rather malls, 12 as a collection of small new stores 13 crowded city centres. 14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15 areas to outlying malls.And the growing 16 of shopping centres led 17 to the building of b

5、igger and better stocked stores. 18 the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.In addition to providing the 19 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 20 benches,fountains,and outdoor entertainment.1.A.As early as B.Early C.Early

6、as D.Earlier2.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined3.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up4.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well5.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services6.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But7.A.be taking place B.take placeC.be taken place D.have taken place8.A.wh

7、ile B.yet C.though D.and then9.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for10.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside11.A.when B.while C.since D.then12.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized13.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near14.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed15.A.inner B.centra

8、l C.shopping D.downtown16.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking17.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further18.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards19.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness20.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided1. B2. D3. B4. C5. D6. D7. B8. A9. B10. D11. A12. A13. B14. A15. D16. C1

9、7. B18. A19. C20. C 解析：1.as early as的意思为“同一样早”, early是副词，“早期”的意思，earlier是比较级“较早”的意思。2.本句的意思是“街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店”，build的意思是“建造，修建”，design的意思是“设计”，intend“意思是“打算”，line是“沿排列”的意思。3.varied是“变化多端”的意思，various为“各种各样的”，sorted意为“分类的”，mixed up意为“困惑的，迷惘的，不适应社会的”。本句意为“各种各样的商店”。4.本句的意思是“除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供

10、服务”，apart from意为“除此之外”，后必须接名词或动名词，however是连词“然而”的意思，in addition可单独使用，意为“除此之外”，as well用在句末。5.medical care意为“医疗护理”。food是“食物”，cosmetic是“化妆品”，service是“服务”，根据上题意思，service一词放在这里最合适。6.本句的意思是“在五十年代，情况发生了变化”，有转折的意思。suddenly和abruptly都是“突然”的意思，contrarily指“相反地”，but是“但是”的意思,表转折。7.take place只有主动语态，故可排除C，而begin to

11、后应接动词不定式，只有take place“发生”可用。8.此句中太多的汽车和太少的停车场有相对比较的意思，while是连词，有“而，却”的意思，表比较。yet“然而”，表转折，though“尽管，虽然”，表让步。9.be available to sb.为固定搭配，意为“对某人来说可用的，可得到的”，本句意为“顾客可用的停车场地”，故选B10.本句意为“商人们开始对城市界限以外的开阔地感兴趣”，out of表示“的外面”而outside指“超过某一个界限，范围等”。11.这里是一个时间状语从句。因此用when(在时候)。while指“在期间”；since表示“自从”，主句一般用完成时。12.

12、本句的意思是“购物中心是从聚集一些小的店铺开始的”，只有started as有此意。13.本句意为“远离拥挤的市中心”, out of指“在之外”，away from表示距离，“远离”，next to指“靠近，下一个”，near是“近”的意思。14.本句意为“被所吸引”，surprise意为“使惊奇”，delight意为“使喜悦”，enjoy意为“欣赏,喜爱”。15.本句意为“顾客从市区被吸引到城市以外的商业中心”，只有downtown“市区”符合此意。16.本句意为“这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成”。distinction声望；fame卓越，好名声；popu

13、larity名气很大，知名度很高；liking喜爱，喜好。故选C。17.根据上题解释，in turn应为“依次”的意思，引申为“反过来”。18.在这四个选项中，只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用，意为“到为止”,其他三个选项均被排除。19.这里convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便，便利”，符合上下文义。20.介词with在这里的意思是“带有”，本句意为“商业街被变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的公园”。1-5: DBCDD 6-10:BBDAB 11-15: ADCBC三、阅读理解（40分）We can begin our discussion of “pop

14、ulation as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学）growth to “ a

15、long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively

16、recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that

17、 one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the h

18、uman race.This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the condition

19、s that traditionally have caused high rate of death.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population

20、increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in s

21、uch abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons a

22、nnually.【小题1】According to the passage, “population as a global issue” .Ais quite unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernBfocuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthCdeals with the same problem aroused by the population problemDwill manage the population grow

23、th problem from global perspectives【小题2】It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that .Atoo much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsBthe trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthCdemographic growth will follow a certain pattern of up

24、s and downsDit is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually【小题3】What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?ASpecies competitionBLow fertilityCTribal fightsDHigh rate of death【小题4】The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that .Apeop

25、le are permitted to have more childrenBpeople can live better than beforeCnewborn babies die less than beforeDwe have found the secret of longevity【小题5】How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?AEighty million.BEight thousandCFifty thousandDFive millionC文章大意：文章讨论了现

26、在人口增长过快，并解释了为什么古代人口少有增长，而近些年人口剧增。【小题1】C细节理解题。根据第一段首句We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”可知，这两个问题是一样的。故C正确。【小题2】A推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口统计学

27、）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.作者提到把人口增长比作细长导火线的比喻。故A正确。【小题3】D细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.可知最主要原因是高死亡率。故D正确。【小题4】B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句N

28、ot only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of

29、death.表明现在人口增长的原因是导致高死亡率得到很大的改善，而不是人们突然想要更多的小孩。故B正确。【小题5】C细节理解题。根据最后一段Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours.得知正确选项为C。故C正确。 Now let us look at how we read. When we read

30、a printed text，our eyes move across a page in short，jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate，we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time for which the eyes stop-the duration of

31、 the fixation varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore，it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately， in the past， many reading improvement courses

32、have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading，numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance，in some exercises，words are flashed on to a screen for， say， a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students