高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题8语法填空.docx

1、高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题8语法填空2020年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之 专题8语法填空1.【2020新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had som

2、e unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat an

3、d salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people wi

4、ll get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not goo

5、d for the health.62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉 分析可知fat，salt和m

6、ove之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词，所以填e

7、at的动名词形式。故填eating。【名师点睛】语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给

8、出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词例如第62题has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答

9、案为effects。无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词 例如第70题it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。2. 【2020新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863the f

10、irst underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included di

11、gging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the rai

12、lway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of elec

13、tric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.64.the考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.65.were used考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于

14、”拉货物，故填were used.66.fairly 考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.67.it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.68.managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.69.introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.70.successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.【名师点睛】 在语法填空中，我们要特别注意

15、词性转换题。如本文的，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。技巧5：词义转

16、换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-，il-,ir-，in-,non-,dis-等，在词根后加-less等。考点：考查语法填空3.【2020新课标III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike s

17、chool friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sa

18、rah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year o

19、ff to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.

20、 I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model my more.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文，介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期学业要放在首位。61. resting考查非谓语动词。 固定短语：spend time doing sth62. a考查冠词。 model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 “一个”，故填a。63. was told 考查动词。根据句意判断谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式，主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was tol

21、d。【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比如66题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67题，several是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数形式。4.【2020浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Last October , while tending her garden in

22、Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her

23、daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says PahlssonSixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and six had

24、picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of k

25、itchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里采摘胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的那种失而复得心情。56.考查名词。根据“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a hand

26、ful of ”，可知用名词复数，故填carrots。57.考查形容词。“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。58.考查固定句式。根据“Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house”，sothat,如此以至于，故填so。59.考查代词。I had hurt 59 (I)，主语为I,横线处为宾语，替代主语时，应用代词。故填myself。60.考查形容词。says Pahlsson Six

27、teenyears 60 (early)，用形容词比较级修饰Sixteenyears，Sixteen years earlier16年前；故填earlier。61.考查动词不定式。Pahlssonhad removedthediamondring 61 (cook)ameal，一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以用不定式表目的状语。故填to cook。62.考查动词时态。根据“butturnedupnothing”，可知句子为过去时，“Pahlssonandherhusband 62 (search)thekitchen”故填searched。63.考查动词。 “Pahlssonandherhusb

28、andnowthinktheringprobablygot 63 (sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbish”，ring与sweep之间是被动关系，故填swept。【名师点睛】 在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57题，“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”，句中a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining 。 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句

29、子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-，il-,ir-，in-,non-,dis-等，在词根后加-less等。考点：考查语法填空5.In 1990, over 100 countries signed 1._ international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which

30、is mainly used for jewellery. Most ivory is made from the tusks (长牙) of African elephants. These tusks are 2._ (terrible) valuableone pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a year.Hunting elephants was so profitable 3._ from 1979 to 1989 the number o

31、f elephants in African fell from 1.3 million to 600，000.It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none 4._ (leave)However, thanks to the international agreement, there 5._ (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.But considering 6._ (vary) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve el

32、ephants. Game wardens (野生动物保护区看守人) must be hired to protect them; land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmers crops, the farmer must 7._ (pay) compensation.Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the elephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population 8._ (stabil