英语13介词和介词短语.docx

1、英语13介词和介词短语第十三讲 介词和介词短语一 学习目标1.准确掌握体验考向。2.细读语境感悟。 3.探析正误探究。4.掌握考点确认。二 考点解析.体验考向1.(2016浙江卷，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. Aon Bin Cat Dabout 答案B考查介词。句意：研究表明，我们成长的文化影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。we grow up in 是定语从句，省略了引导词that/

2、which，与cultures搭配用in，故选B。 2.(2015重庆卷，10)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average. Abelow Bon Cat Dabove 答案D考查介词。句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均温度高0.68 。above 高于，在之上，符合语境。3.(2015浙江卷，17)These ments came _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.Ain memory o

3、f Bin response toCin touch with Din possession of答案B考查介词短语辨析。句意：这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。in response to作为对的回答，作为对的反应，符合语境。in memory of为了纪念；in touch with与有联系；in possession of拥有，持有。4.(2015湖北卷，30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined

4、.Ain advance Bin detailCin total Din general答案A本题考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想_提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in dvance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。5.(2015陕西卷，12)The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street.Aon Bby Cin Dat答案

5、B句意：这个小学生挎着奶奶的胳膊，扶着她穿过了马路。“动词sb介词the人体部位”是习惯用法，根据身体的不同的部位变化介词，如：pat sb on the head，hit sb in the face等。6.(2015福建卷，32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live _ nature.Ain view of Bin need of Cin touch with Din harmony with答案D考查介词短语辨析。句意：人类被认为是自然的

6、一部分，同样，我们要生存下去的唯一方式，就是要与大自然和谐相处。in view of鉴于；in need of需要；in touch with和联系；in harmonious with与和谐。7.(2015安徽卷，32)They believe that there are transport developments_that will bring a lot of changes for the better.Aout of date Bout of orderCaround the clock Daround the corner答案D考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们认为交通的发展近在眼前

7、，那将会带来很多好的方面的变化。out of date过时的，过期的，废弃的；out of order发生故障，次序颠倒；around the clock日以继夜地，连续一整天；around the corner在拐角处，即将来临。8.(2015福建卷，22)A mon memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.Aof Bon Cto Dwith答案A考查介词的用法。句意：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of这一搭配，含义为“对的记忆”。9.(2013江苏卷)I am a

8、lways delighted when I receive an e-mail from you._the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.AOn account of BIn response toCIn view of DWith regard to答案D句意：我总是很高兴收到你的邮件，关于七月一日的聚会，我将乐意参加。本题考查介词短语辨析。A.因为，由于；B.对作出回应；C.由于，考虑到；D.关于。10.(2013山东卷)The Smiths are praised_the way they bring up their c

9、hildren.Afrom Bby Cat Dfor答案D句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。本题考查介词辨析。根据语境可知此处表达夫妇二人受赞扬的原因，应该用介词for。11.(2013安徽卷)If parents have children help with housework，the children will feel needed._，they will learn to take care of themselves.AOn the contrary BIn a wordCThat is to say DWhats more答案D考查短语辨析。句意：如果父母让孩子

10、帮助做家务，孩子们会感觉自己被需要。而且他们还能学会照顾自己。whats more而且；on the contrary与此相反；in a word总之；that is to say也就是说。根据句意前后表示递进关系可知选D。12.(2013福建卷)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always_whenever she tries to.Ain the way Bon watchCin sight Don the line答案A考查介词短语辨析。句意：史密斯夫人发现很难把房间整理干净，因为无论何时她

11、想试着整理时，孩子们总是妨碍她。in the way挡道，妨碍；on watch值班，监视；in sight看得见；on the line处于风险状态。13.(2013陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the pany，and I am sure he will_Ain particular Bin turnCin charge Din time答案D考查介词短语辨析。句意：经理想看看公司的变化，我相信他迟早会看到的。in particular尤其，特别；in turn依次，轮流；in charge负责，掌管；in time及时，迟早，最终。根据句

12、意，应选D。14.(2012福建卷)Nothing is so easy as_parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.Aof Bto Cby Dfor答案D句意：父母最容易对自己的孩子产生很高的期望值。本题用了not so.as结构，as后为不定式的复合结构，即for名词to do sth。15.(2012辽宁卷)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place_the main road at the far end of the lake.Ato Bfor Coff Dout

13、 答案C句意：Well Hotel坐落在湖泊那头一个安静的地方，远离主路。考查介词辨析。off距，离，到(远至某处)，离开。又如：The town is still five miles off.那小城尚在五英里以外。.语境感悟完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会介词的用法。_1_ Friday morning，we had a discussion _2_ how to settle the problem.Our manager described the problem _3_ detail and suggested that we should build the factory _4

14、_ the coast so that it can be prevented from polluting the coastline.Some were _5_ it，saying it was a good way.But others were _6_ it.They thought it might be _7_ their power to finish the hard task _8_ so little money.Thus，the discussion was _9_ of control.At noon，the manager said we could still ta

15、lk about it _10_ the lunch.答案1On 特指某天或某天的上.下午或晚上。2on 关于，至于。3in in detail为固定搭配，意为“详细地”。4off(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离，从离开。5for就而言；为；赞成，支持。6against倚靠着，和竞赛；反对；以为背景。7beyond在另一边，在更远处； 超出，非所能及。8with和一起；具有；用，凭借；关于； 随着，由于，因为。9out out of control为固定搭配，意为“失去控制”。10over在上方；高于，在之上；在期间。.正误探究1.【误】 Sometimes our opinions d

16、iffer because what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed.【正】Sometimes our opinions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed.解析because 是连词，其后接句子；而 because of 是介词短语，其后接名词.代词.动名词或名词性从句等。2.【误】How long have you been an actor? In 1995，when

17、I graduated from college.【正】How long have you been an actor? Since 1995，when I graduated from college.解析 结合问句的语境，只有 since 后接时间点与现在完成时(问句)呼应。 3.【误】In those days，we had no phones，so we had to keep in touch with writing often.【正】In those days，we had no phones，so we had to keep in touch by writing often

18、.解析by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”。4.【误】How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! Its a challenge，I guess，for man against nature.【正】How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! Its a challenge，I guess，of man against nature.解析答句中的 I guess 是插入语，因此所填介词与 challenge 连用，构成

19、 a challenge of “ 的挑战”。.考点确认一.介词的分类及用法 about/around大约；after在之后；at在时刻(时间点)；before在之前；between在之间；by到为止；during在期间；for长达；from.to.从到；in在之后(时间段)；on在时(某一天)；shortly after在之后不久；since自从以来；until/till直到1.at，in，on in：年月季节周，外加泛指早午晚。 on：具体某天星期几，还有特定早午晚。 at：午夜黄昏与黎明，具体时刻与周末。 this，that，next，yesterday，tomorrow，最后还有las

20、t，one，介词省略已习惯。I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July. 我记得我们计划7月份去云南旅游。2.in，after易混词用法及例句in意为“在(一段时间)之后”，常用于将来时。Wellbebackinthreedays.我们三天后回来。after意为“在(某一具体时间点)之后”，after短语常和过去时态连用。Aftersevenitbegantorain.七点后，天开始下雨。3.since，from，for易混词用法及例句since“since时间点”意为“自从(过去某时)以来”，强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间，常与现在完成时或过

21、去完成时连用。Myfatherhadlongedtoplaymusicsincechildhood,buthisfamilywas poorandcouldntaffordlessons.我父亲从小就渴望演奏音乐，但是他家很穷，承担不起上课的费用。from“from时间点”一般表示从某一时间点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时.过去时.将来时连用。From then on she knew she would win.从那一刻起她就知道她会赢。for“for一段时间”表示某行为或状态持续了多久，可与现在完成时.过去时或将来时连用。This went on for about 20 min

22、utes，until Mildred became tired of the game and left.这个游戏持续了大约20分钟，直到米尔德丽德对这个游戏感到厌烦而离开。 4.across，through，past，along易混词用法及例句across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在的对面”。They ran straight across the road.他们径直跑过了马路。through指从人群或物体内部“穿过”，也可指抽象意义的“通过”。We made our way through the village to the farm.我们穿过村庄来到了农场。past表示“从旁边经过”，表

23、示动态的动作发生在某人/某物旁边。They drove past a supermarket.他们驶过一家超市。along表示“沿着”线.道路等前行。He walks along the river every day.他每天沿着那条河散步。 5.in，on，to，off易混词用法及例句in表示在某范围内。Changchun is in the northeast of China.长春在中国的东北部。from指与什么毗邻.接壤。Mongolia is on the north of China.蒙古在中国的北部。to指在某范围之外(不属于该范围)。Japan is to the east o

24、f China.日本在中国东部。off表示“(空间上)离，距”。He lives in a house off the main road.他住在离主路不远的一座房子里。 6.besides，except，except for与but的区别 易混词用法及例句besides意为“除了以外(还有)”，与in addition to同义。People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.择业时除了钱之外还会考虑其他原因。except意为“除了以外(没有)”，可接名词.代词.副词.介词短语和从句。The office is open every da

25、y except on Sundays.办事处除了星期天每天都开门。except for意为“除了”，用以补充说明或修正。Except for a man walking his dog，the park was empty.除了有个男人在遛狗，公园里空无一人。but相当于except；可接动词不定式(不定式前有实义动词do时，省略不定式中的to)。There is nothing but trees for mile after mile.绵延几英里，除了树木别无他物。 二.介词与某些词类的搭配1.形容词与介词的固定搭配形容词atangry，mad，good，bad，clever，surpr

26、ised，excited，disappointed等形容词ofafraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，sick，tired，sure，certain，full，fond，proud，worthy等形容词withangry，connected，content，familiar，generous，gentle，patient，pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等形容词inweak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experien

27、ced，confident等形容词togood，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等形容词forsorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等形容词aboutsorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等 2.名词与介词的固定搭配名词toKey, answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等名词i

28、ninterest，expert等名词oncongratulations，effect等 The key to their success：20 tablet puters(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a US. group called One Laptop Per Child.他们成功的关键是：被称为“每个孩子一台笔记本电脑”的一个美国公益组织在2月份留给这个埃塞俄比亚村子的20台平板电脑。3.动词与介词的固定搭配动词aboutspeak，talk，think，worry等动词foranswer，c

29、all，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等 三 练习题.填空题1.My brother is fond _ painting while Im keen _ writing.2.Our physics teacher, Mr. Wang, is always enthusiastic _ teaching and is responsible _ what he does. Additionally, he is quite patient _ us. No wonder he is so popular _ us.3.Different people have totally different attitudes _ this issue. Some approve