英汉习语的文化差异与翻译学士学位论文.docx

1、英汉习语的文化差异与翻译学士学位论文学 士 学 位 论 文题 目 英汉习语的文化差异与翻译毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照

2、学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学

3、位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日注 意 事 项1.设计（论文）的内容包括：1）封面（按教务处制定的标准封面格式制作）2）原创性声明3）中文摘要（300字左右）、关键词4）外文摘要、关键词 5）目次页（附件不统一编入）6）论文主体部分：引言（或绪论）、正文、结论7）参考文献8）致谢9）附录

4、（对论文支持必要时）2.论文字数要求：理工类设计（论文）正文字数不少于1万字（不包括图纸、程序清单等），文科类论文正文字数不少于1.2万字。3.附件包括：任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文（复印件）。4.文字、图表要求：1）文字通顺，语言流畅，书写字迹工整，打印字体及大小符合要求，无错别字，不准请他人代写2）工程设计类题目的图纸，要求部分用尺规绘制，部分用计算机绘制，所有图纸应符合国家技术标准规范。图表整洁，布局合理，文字注释必须使用工程字书写，不准用徒手画3）毕业论文须用A4单面打印，论文50页以上的双面打印4）图表应绘制于无格子的页面上5）软件工程类课题应有程序清单，并提供电子文档5.装

5、订顺序1）设计（论文）2）附件：按照任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文（复印件）次序装订英汉习语的文化差异与翻译 摘要：习语是人类语言文化的结晶，共翻译更是引起了翻译界的普遍关注。习语来源于各种不同的文化创迨之中，它负载了很多文化内涵。它们能够直接而深刻地反映出不同语言的文化因素。英语和汉语走当今世界上两种拥有最多伎用孝的语言，二孝都拥有大量的习语。对英汉习语中文化因素的误解常常迨戍英汊跨文化交际的失败。因此对比研究英汉刁语中的文化因素意义深远。对比研究走进行语言文化研究的重要方法之一。近几十年来，英汉对比研究在我圉获得了长足的发展。虽然一些学者进行过英汉习语对比研究，但是由于习语中的文化因

6、素的复杂性，还有必要从文化角庋对英汉习语进行更多的研宪。本论文的目的就是进行英汉习语文化差异的对比研究以及翻译。本文对英汉习语中的文化因素的对比研究揭示了这样一个事实， 要掌握两种语言，必须掌握两种文化。除了引论和结尾，论文划分为三章。首先，作者明确了英汉习语的定义和种类。紧接着的第二章从文化角庋对英汉习语进行对比分析，作者分别从不同的居住环境、不同的历史典故、不同的宗教信仰和不同的传统文化方面研究英汉习语的差畀。第三章是翻译理论的学习及其在实践中的应用，介绍了诸如：直译、意译、苴译加意译等翻译方法。作孝希望通过对习语的对比研究激发学生对翻译的热情，提高学生的翻译能力，培养大家的跨文化意识，最

7、终服务于英语教学，取得更好的教学效果。 关键词：英汉习语 习语翻译 对比研究ContentsIntroduction 1I.Definition of Chinese and English Idioms 21.1Definition of Chinese idiom 21.2 Definition of English idiom 31.3.1 Set phrases 31.3.2 Common sayings 41.3.3 Proverbs 41.3.4 Two- part allegorical sayings 41.3.5 Vulgar expressions 51.4Classifi

8、cations of English idioms 51.4.1 Idiomatic expressions 51.4.2 Proverbs 51.4.3 Slangs.6II.Cultural Similarities and differences in English and Chinese Idioms 72.1Cultural Similarities in Engish and Chinese Idioms 72.2 Cultural Differences in English and Chinese Idioms 82.2.1Differences Rooted in Geog

9、raphical Conditions 82.2.2 Differences Rooted in Social Customs 82.2.3Differences Rooted in Religious Beliefs 82.2.4Differences Rooted in Historical and Literay allusions.9III.Translating Methods of English and Chinese Idioms 103.1 Literal translation 103.1.1LiteraI translation examples of set phase

10、s： 103.1.2Literal translation examples of common sayings： 103.1.3 LiteraI translation examples of proverbs： 11 3.2 Liberal translation.113.2.1Two-part allegorical sayings translation 113.2.2 Idiom originated from historical events,fables,etc.123.2.3 Idiom with dim images 123.3Combination of literal

11、and liberal translation 13Conclusion 14References 15IntroductionCulture and language depend on each other for existence. It is impossible to translate a foreign language text without taking into account the culture it embodies. In this sense, translation becomes a cultural exchange as a cross.lingui

12、stic, cross,cultural and cross.social communicative activity.Idioms, formed in a particular period and passed on from generation to generation, reflect various cultural elements. They are comparatively fixed in matters of meaning and structure, that is, the meaning of idiom cannot be determined by t

13、he meanings of its words, To let the whole people be familiar with other nations, cultures, it is really valuable to translate various idioms into different languages.However, idiom is difficult to translate in that it is of peculiar cultural origin and therefore reflects clearly national or cultura

14、l characteristics. It is impossible for the translators to avoid cultural elements in idiom translation. Chinese and English belong to diferent language families. Although they share many things in culture, each language has its own specifc cultural property. There are some similarities between Engl

15、ish and Chinese cultures, which make idiom translation possible and easy. However, there is more dissimilarity between the Chinese culture and the English culture than similarities. Accurate understanding and proper translation of idiom is the key to the breakthrough of barriers in intercultural com

16、munication.This paper tries to analyze idioms from the perspective of cultural,translation with the purpose of illustrating how cultural factors influence the translation and comprehension of idioms, and exploring effective principles and strategies of idiom translation.Definition of Chinese and Eng

17、lish Idioms Idioms, conventionalized multiword expression,exist as a sub-group of vocabulary. Refined and accepted by long usage，idioms have been described as the crystallization of languageIdioms，as the essence of language，are frequently used in literary works and our dai1y life。NevertheIess，it is

18、no easy job to give a clear-cut definition to it.1.1Definition of Chinese idiom According to the Chinese dictionaries:现代汉语词典(Modern Chinese Dictionary）by Commercial Press and新华词典（xinhua Dictionary）by Commercial Press，A Chinese idiom，which is called习语，is described asa fixed phrase， can Only be used a

19、s a whole unit， no element in it can be changed at random,and usually cant be analyzed by ordinary regular wordformation. Chinese idiom is newly described as a Chinese idiom，constituted by words，re1atively fixed in structure, is a narrative 1anguage unit which can perform a multiple functions. Both

20、definitions stress two features that an idiom manifests.First,an idiom must be used as a who1e unit，and the phrase has no meaning by its individual words，like不管三七二十一，胡说八道etc. Second,no element in an idiom can be changed at random. For example，we can on1y say垂头丧气，but not低头丧气though “垂” and “低” has the

21、 same meaning;八九不离十，not七八不离九.Third，in terms of grammatical function，both an idiom and a word can serve as parts of a sentence, while an idiom can be used as an independent sentence and frequent1y quoted in different contexts.1.2 Definition of English idiom According to the latest Websters New World

22、College Dictionary, the third edition, idiom is a phrase, construction or expression that is recognized as a unit in the usage of a given language and either differs from the usual syntactic patterns or has a meaning that differs from literal meaning of its part taken together. In Cambridge Advanced

23、 Learners Dictionarg idiom is a group of words in a f1xed order that have a particular meaning that is different from the meaning of each word understood on its own Longman gives such a defnition: a group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meaning of the individual words. Ox

24、ford defines idiom as follows: phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit. Among all of these explanations, the first one is the commonest and the most popular meaning of the word ,idiom. From the above definition,

25、we can see that the meaning of an idiom cannot be understood only by its individual words, but by a whole unit.1.3 Classifications of Chinese Idioms Idiom in Chinese, in the broad sense, can be roughly c1assifed into set phrases, common sayings, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings and vulgar expr

26、essions.1.3.1 Set phrases Set phrases, whose storehouse seems to be inexhaustible, play an important role in our mother tongue. Generally speaking, a Chinese set phrase is a well estab1ished f1xed phrase or short sentence with terse sty1e and pithy meaning habitually used by peop1e for a long time .

27、Chinese set phrases are phrases with 2 p1us 2 pattern with descriptive or informative fmction. (Wen 2005: 290). From the above defnition，it is clear that fourcharacter with two-meter in poetry form is essential attribute of chinese set phrases，which distinguishes Chinese set phrases from other types

28、 of Chinese idioms，such as proverbs common sayings or allegorical sayingsChinese set phrases may possess three features:comprehensiveness，c1assic and fusion。 Such as the idiom“倾盆大雨”，referring to raining cats and dogs or raining heavily which is used to describe the image of raining in figurative lan

29、guage.The idiom“卧薪尝胆” means to sleep on brush-wood and taste gall to undergo self-imposed hardships so as to strengthen ones resolve to wipe out a national humiliation.The phrase“胸有成竹”means to have bamboos in ones chest，implying to have had ready plans or design in ones mild.1.3.2 Common sayings Chi

30、nese common saying，widely used in the colloquial 1anguageMost of themare created by working peop1e and reflect their 1ife experiences and wishesCommon sayings are Non-four-character, non-informative expressions 1ike proverbs，an idiomatical unit which has descriptive function. The common saying老油条ref

31、erring to an old deep-fried twisted dough sticks，is often used to describe a hard-boiled slippery person.The idiom不管三七二十一”which means to consider nothing at all，is one of the conventional cases.1.3.3 Proverbs Chinese proverb is a stock expression，tooChinese proverb，widesread among ordinary eople，is conclse，fixed phrase or sentence in which a profound truth is implied by simle and informal language.An appropriate use of proverbs will add to th